Generalized analytic model for rotational and anisotropic metasolids

An analytical approach is presented to model a metasolid accounting for anisotropic effects and rotational mode. The metasolid is made of either cylindrical or spherical hard inclusions embedded in a stiff matrix via soft claddings, and the analytical approach to study the composite material is a generalization of the method introduced by Liu \textit{et al.} [Phys. Rev. B, 71, 014103 (2005)]. It is shown that such a metasolid exhibits negative mass densities near the translational-mode resonances, and negative density of moment of inertia near the rotational resonances. The results obtained by this analytical and continuum approach are compared with those from discrete mass-spring model, and the validity of the later is discussed. Based on derived analytical expressions, we study how different resonance frequencies associated with different modes vary and are placed with respect to each other, in function of the mechanical properties of the coating layer. We demonstrate that the resonances associated with additional modes taken into account, that is, axial translation for cylinders, and rotations for both cylindrical and spherical systems, can occur at lower frequencies compared to the previously studied plane-translational modes.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figure

Evolution of the free volume between rough surfaces in contact

The free volume comprised between rough surfaces in contact governs the fluid/gas transport properties across networks of cracks and the leakage/percolation phenomena in seals. In this study, a fundamental insight into the evolution of the free volume depending on the mean plane separation, on the real contact area and on the applied pressure is gained in reference to fractal surfaces whose contact response is solved using the boundary element method. Particular attention is paid to the effect of the surface fractal dimension and of the surface resolution on the predicted results. The free volume domains corresponding to different threshold levels are found to display fractal spatial distributions whose bounds to their fractal dimensions are theoretically derived. A synthetic formula based on the probability distribution function of the free volumes is proposed to synthetically interpret the numerically observed trends

Chinese Named Entity Recognition Method for Domain-Specific Text

The Chinese named entity recognition (NER) is a critical task in natural language processing, aiming at identifying and classifying named entities in text. However, the specificity of domain texts and the lack of large-scale labelled datasets have led to the poor performance of NER methods trained on public domain corpora on domain texts. In this paper, a named entity recognition method incorporating sentence semantic information is proposed, mainly by adaptively incorporating sentence semantic information into character semantic information through an attention mechanism and a gating mechanism to enhance entity feature representation while attenuating the noise generated by irrelevant character information. In addition, to address the lack of large-scale labelled samples, we used data self-augmentation methods to expand the training samples. Furthermore, we introduced a Weighted Strategy considering that the low-quality samples generated by the data self-augmentation process can have a negative impact on the model. Experiments on the TCM prescriptions corpus showed that the F1 values of our method outperformed the comparison methods

Modélisation micromécanique et simulation numérique du fluage des bétons avec prise en compte de l'endommagement et des effets thermo-hydriques

Le béton est un matériau hétérogène complexe dont les déformations comportent une partie différée qui est affectée par un grand nombre de facteurs tels que la température, l'humidité relative et l'évolution de la microstructure. La prise en compte des déformations différées et en particulier du fluage est indispensable dans le calcul des ouvrages en béton tels que ceux destinés à stocker des déchets radioactifs. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectifs : (1) de développer un modèle de fluage simple et robuste pour le béton en faisant appel à la micromécanique et en tenant compte de l'endommagement et des effets thermiques et hydriques ; (2) d'implanter numériquement le modèle développé dans un code de calcul par éléments finis de façon à pouvoir simuler le comportement d'éléments de structure simples en béton. Pour atteindre ce double objectif, le travail est scindé en trois parties. Dans la première partie, le matériau cimentaire est à l'échelle microscopique supposé être constitué d'une matrice viscoélastique linéaire caractérisée par un modèle de Maxwell généralisé et de phases particulaires représentant les granulats élastiques et les pores. Le schéma micromécanique de Mori-Tanaka, la transformée de Laplace-Carson et son inversion sont alors utilisés pour obtenir dans l'espace temporel des estimations analytiques ou numériques de ses paramètres mécaniques et hydromécaniques. Ensuite, le modèle micromécanique de fluage obtenu est couplé au modèle d'endommagement de Mazars via le concept de pseudo-déformations introduit par Schapery. Les paramètres intervenant dans le modèle viscoélastique endommageable ainsi établi sont systématiquement identifiés à l'aide de données expérimentales. Enfin, la prise en compte des effets de la température et de l'humidité relative dans le modèle viscoélastique endommageable est basée sur la méthode du temps équivalent ; l'efficacité de cette approche est démontrée et discutée dans le cas de chargements simples de fluageConcrete is a complex heterogeneous material whose deformations include a delayed part that is affected by a number of factors such as temperature, relative humidity and microstructure evolution. Taking into account differed deformations and in particular creep is essential in the computation of concrete structures such as those dedicated to radioactive waste storage. The present work aims: (1) at elaborating a simple and robust model of creep for concrete by using micromechanics and accounting for the effects of damage, temperature and relative humidity; (2) at numerically implementing the creep model developed in a finite element code so as to simulate the behavior of simple structural elements in concrete. To achieve this twofold objective, the present work is partitioned into three parts. In the first part the cement-based material at the microscopic scale is taken to consist of a linear viscoelastic matrix characterized by a generalized Maxwell model and of particulate phases representing elastic aggregates and pores. The Mori-Tanaka micromechanical scheme, the Laplace-Carson transform and its inversion are then used to obtain analytical or numerical estimates for the mechanical and hydromechanical parameters of the material. Next, the original micromechanical model of creep is coupled to the damage model of Mazars through the concept of pseudo-deformations introduced by Schapery. The parameters involved in the creep-damage model thus established are systematically identified using available experimental data. Finally, the effects of temperature and relative humidity are accounted for in the creep-damage model by using the equivalent time method; the efficiency of this approach is demonstrated and discussed in the case of simple creep testsPARIS-EST-Université (770839901) / SudocSudocFranceF