5-(1H-Indol-3-yl­methyl­idene)-2,2-di­methyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione

In the title compound, C15H13NO4, the conjugated double-bond system between the two rings adopts a cis configuration and there is an intra­molecular indole–ketone C—H⋯O inter­action. The indole N—H group forms an inter­molecular hydrogen bond with a ketone O-atom acceptor, giving a chain structure along the ab direction. The O-heterocyclic ring adopts a boat conformation and makes a dihedral angle of 16.72 (6)° with the indole ring system

Three-Dimensional Culture of Hybridoma Cells Secreting Anti-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin by a New Rolling Culture System

Cell growth rate and production of monoclonal antibody (MAb) of hybridoma cells producing anti-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) MAb have been used as investigation criteria in double-mouthed rolling bottle (DMRB). Compared with T-flask cell culture, both of the cell number and MAb production increased by approximately 42.5% when the medium was supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum (FCS) and DMRB rotated at 2 turns per minute. Yield of MAb was experimentally related to the number of viable cells. Interestingly, MAb yield was four times as high as that cultured in T-flask in the first 24 hours, and about 75% yield of total MAb was secreted by 48 hours during the culture. It appears that the promoted cell growth and MAb yield are resulted from the three-dimensional growth of hybridoma cells under a suitably revolving condition

2-Meth­oxy-N-[5-(2-methoxy­phen­yl)-1,3,4-thia­diazol-2-yl]benzamide hemi­hydrate

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C17H15N3O3S·0.5H2O, the thia­diazole ring is oriented with respect to the two 2-methoxy­phenyl rings at dihedral angles of 3.70 (3) and 1.74 (2)°. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond results in the formation of a planar six-membered ring, which is oriented with respect to the thia­diazole ring at a dihedral angle of 1.33 (3)°. Thus, all of the rings are nearly coplanar. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules

Diethyl {(4-methoxy­phen­yl)[5-(4-nitro­phen­yl)-1,3,4-thia­diazol-2-ylamino]meth­yl}phospho­nate

The title compound, C20H23N4O6PS, was synthesized by the reaction of N-(4-methoxy­benzyl­idene)-5-(4-nitro­phen­yl)-1,3,4-thia­diazol-2-amine and diethyl phosphite. The thia­diazole and nitro-substituted phenyl rings in the mol­ecule are approximately coplanar, the dihedral angle being 5.3 (2)°. The dihedral angle formed by the mean plane through all non-H atoms of both the thia­diazole and the nitro-substituted phenyl ring with the plane of the meth­oxy-substituted phenyl ring is 48.9 (2)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules form centrosymmetric dimers as a result of N—H⋯O bonds involving amine H and phosphine oxide O atoms

2,2-Dimethyl-5-[(pyridin-2-yl­amino)­methyl­idene]-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione

In the title compound, C12H12N2O4, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and enamine planes is 3.5 (3)°, while the angle between the dioxanedione (seven atoms) and enamine planes is 4.6 (3)°. The dioxane ring approximates an envelope conformation

Editorial: Targeting nucleotide metabolism for enhancing antitumor immunity.

Editorial

Characterization of A- and B-type starch granules in Chinese wheat cultivars

AbstractStarch is the major component of wheat flour and serves as a multifunctional ingredient in food industry. The objective of the present study was to investigate starch granule size distribution of Chinese wheat cultivars, and to compare structure and functionality of starches in four leading cultivars Zhongmai 175, CA12092, Lunxuan 987, and Zhongyou 206. A wide variation in volume percentages of A- and B-type starch granules among genotypes was observed. Volume percentages of A- and B-type granules had ranges of 68.4–88.9% and 9.7–27.9% in the first cropping seasons, 74.1–90.1% and 7.2–25.3% in the second. Wheat cultivars with higher volume percentages of A- and B-type granules could serve as parents in breeding program for selecting high and low amylose wheat cultivars, respectively. In comparison with the B-type starch granules, the A-type granules starch showed difference in three aspects: (1) higher amount of ordered short-range structure and a lower relative crystallinity, (2) higher gelatinization onset (To) temperatures and enthalpies (ΔH), and lower gelatinization conclusion temperatures (Tc), (3) greater peak, though, and final viscosity, and lower breakdown viscosity and pasting temperature. It provides important information for breeders to develop potentially useful cultivars with particular functional properties of their starches suited to specific applications

2,2-Dimethyl-5-[(2-nitro­anilino)methyl­idene]-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione

The crystal of the title compound, C13H12N2O6, contains a bifurcated intra­molecular hydrogen bond between the N—H group and one of the O atoms from both the nitro group and the dioxane-4,6-dione moiety. In addition, mol­ecules are linked by a series of inter­molecular C—H⋯O secondary inter­actions. The dihedral angles between the benzene ring and the nitro group and the conjugated part of the dioxane-4,6-dione moiety are 19.1 (2) and 17.89 (7)°, respectively