7 research outputs found
Trunk abnormalities in adolescence : a school health care based epidemiological cohort study
The rationale for the studies presented in this thesis was the whish to answer
the question whether an extra scoliosis screening should be added to the two
periodical medical examinations during adolescence. It was decided to use data
collected in a prospective follow-up study conducted since 1984 to answer the
following subquestions:
1. What is the prevalence of trunk abnormalities, including scoliosis and
Scheuermann's disease?
2. What is the incidence of trunk abnormalities?
3. What ace the determinants of trunk abnormalities?
4. Are the current frequency of periodical medical examinations during
adolescence, and the applied method of examining posture and back, adequate
for early detection of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
5. Is it feasible to have scoliosis screening performed by school nurses?
6. What happens in the period between referral for scoliosis by the school
physician and the onset of observation or treatment by the orthopedic surgeon
Two year cumulative incidence of trunk abnormalities in a schoolpopulation in Rotterdam, the Netherlands
We conducted a study of the 2 year cumulative incidence of trunk abnormalities in a cohort of 3,071 11 year old children (1,621 boys, 1,450 girls). The following data were recorded: height, weight, signs of puberty and menarche. Trunk abnormality was assessed in the erect child (asymmetry of shoulders and waistline, imbalance of the trunk, scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis, swayback and flexibility) and by the forward bending test (FBT) (rib hump or lumbar prominence, persisting scoliosis, kyphosis and deviant lateral aspect). A normal FBT both at baseline and at follow-up was found in 84% of the boys and in 79% of the girls. The 2 year cumulative incidence of an abnormal FBT was 10% in boys and 13% in girls
A cognitive-behavioural program for adolescents with chronic pain - A pilot study
The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate the feasibility of a cognitive-behavioural training program for adolescents with chronic pain irrespective of pain localisation. A secondary aim was to give an impression of the effect of the program on pain and quality of life. Eight adolescents (14-18 years) with chronic non-organic pain recruited from the general population (and their parents) participated in this pilot study. The intervention included five group meetings alternated with four telephone contacts (during the self-management weeks) over a period of 9 weeks. The training aimed to change pain behaviour through pain education, relaxation strategies, problem-solving techniques, assertiveness training, cognitive restructuring and by stimulating the adolescent's physical activity level. The training further addresses the social context of pain by inviting parents to attend two meetings for the parents only, and by asking the adolescents to bring a peer to one of the meetings. Adolescents and their parents were positive about the program. Adolescents felt they were more in control of their pain and parents valued the support they experienced in helping their children to master the pain. The training was considered to be feasible in daily life. Further, the preliminary data showed an effect on pain and quality of life in the expected direction. The results underline the need for a definitive study with a larger sample size and a random controlled design
Comparison between children and adolescents with and without chronic benign pain: consultation rate and pain characteristics
The aim of the study was to determine whether children with chronic benign
pain are in contact with their general practitioner (GP) more frequently
than those without chronic benign pain. A random sample of children and
adolescents aged between 0 and 18 years of age was drawn from the records
of ten general practices. According to their responses to a pain
questionnaire, subjects were assigned to the chronic benign pain group (n
= 95) if they had pain of more than three months' duration, or to the
control group (n = 105) if they had pain of less than three months'
duration or no pain at all. All the subjects had an average GP
consultation rate of 2.6 contacts per year. No significant age and sex
differences were found. Chronic benign pain in childhood and adolescence
is not related to increased use of healthcare services, suggesting that
somatisation does not play a major role in children with chronic benign
pain
Screening for scoliosis: Do we have indications for effectiveness?
Objective The effectiveness of screening for scoliosis has not been established. This study
investigated whether patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis detected by screening are detected
in an earlier stage of the clinical course, and whether these patients have better outcome than
otherwise detected patients.
Setting The study is a retrospective follow-up study of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
who had completed treatment with a brace, by surgery, or with a brace followed by surgery. Of the
143 patients (born on or after 1 January 1984) consecutively recruited from 12 hospitals in the
Netherlands, 125 (87%) agreed to participate. Of these, 51 patients were treated with a brace only
and 74 patients were operated on. Screening for scoliosis is carried out in 80% of Dutch children.
Methods Data on being screen detected or otherwise detected and Cobb angle at diagnosis were
collected using youth health-care files, medical files and interviews by telephone with the patients.
Results About 55% of the patients were detected by screening (programme sensitivity). Screendetected patients had a significantly smaller Cobb angle at diagnosis (281 versus 401; Po0.01) and
had a 73% lower chance of having had surgery (45% versus 75%; Po0.01) than otherwise-detected
patients.
Conclusion In the present study, two essential prerequisites necessary for a screening programme for
scoliosis to be effective have been met. However, definite proof of the effectiveness of screening still
needs to be established because length bias and over-treatment bias cannot be ruled out using this
design
Chronic pain and its impact on quality of life in adolescents and their families
OBJECTIVE: To study chronic pain not caused by somatic disease in
adolescents and the effect of pain on the quality of life of the
adolescents and their families. METHODS: One hundred twenty-eight
youngsters (12-18 years) who had reported chronic pain kept a 3-week diary
of their pain and completed a questionnaire on quality of life. Their
mothers completed a questionnaire on the impact of their youngster's pain
on the family. RESULTS: The most prevalent pains were limb pain, headache,
abdominal, and back pain. The pain increased during the day, with the
highest frequency around dinner time and the highest intensity around
bedtime. Girls reported more intense and more frequent pain than boys. The
higher the intensity and frequency of the pain, the lower the
self-reported quality of life of the female or male adolescent, especially
regarding psychological functioning (e.g. feeling less at ease), physical
status (a greater incidence of other somatic complaints), and functional
status (more impediments to leisure and daily activities). Chronic pain
also had a negative impact on family life. The mothers reported
restrictions, particularly in social life, and problems dealing with the
stress of the adolescent's pain. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain, not caused by
somatic disease, was present to a higher degree in girls; the pain
increased during the day and had a negative impact on quality of life of
the adolescents and the family. There is a need for future research aimed
at identifying risk factors for chronic pain and pain-associated quality
of life in children and adolescents
Health-related quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis after treatment: Short-term effects after brace or surgical treatment
For treatment of teenagers with progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in an early stage, two options are generally considered: treatment with a brace or observation followed by surgery if necessary. Many doctors and patients prefer conservative treatment (i.e. brace treatment) to surgical treatment, because surgery of the spine is generally considered a drastic intervention. Because potential differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after treatment between braced and surgically treated patients are not well explored, this study aimed to determine whether short-term differences exist in HRQoL between adolescents treated with a brace or treated surgically. A cross-sectional analysis of HRQoL was made of 109 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who, after completing treatment, filled out the Dutch SRS-22 Patient Questionnaire. All patients had been treated either with a brace or surgery, or with a brace followed by surgery. Patients treated surgically had significantly higher mean scores in the satisfaction with management domain than those treated with a brace. No other consistent differences in HRQoL were foun