The impacts of school closure on rural communities in Canada: A review

In rural Canada the issue of school closures and consolidations due to low enrollment and heightened fiscal constraints has become a contentious and highly-charged issue for citizens and communities. This literature review synthesizes the major effects of school closure on rural communities, identifying economic impacts, social impacts, and implications for students. The historical context of Canadian rural schools, notions of rurality, urbanormativity and local complexity, along with considerations of urban-centred educational policy, are overarching themes identified in the rural school literature. These concepts were found to subsequently perpetuate the economic, social, and student-centred impacts reported. A relative dearth of research focusing on the community-level impacts of rural school closure, particularly in the Canadian context, supports the need for further in-depth studies that address gaps in the literature. These findings could in turn be used in the development of future educational policy which acknowledges rurality for rural Canadian communities

Latino Stereotypes in Television

As we’ve seen numerous examples of in English television shows, Latinos and Latinas often are portrayed in ways that are consistent with stereotypes. Latino men are often portrayed as violent criminals or gangbangers who are bad to women and Latina women are often portrayed as being very sexual often having roles as prostitutes and things of that nature as well as being very loud mouthed and obnoxious. The purpose of this research paper is to expose how Latinos are almost never portrayed as mainstream characters, often being portrayed as sidekicks or lowlifes. This paper will also seek to expose how Latino characters are portrayed as more violent on English television than on Spanish television and how these stereotypes in English television are so recognizable and deeply rooted that even young children are very familiar with the stereotypes that are being portrayed. This research paper will reference several articles that take into account Latino and Latina perceptions of themselves on English television

When is Stacking Confusing?: The Impact of Confusion on Stacking in Deep HI Galaxy Surveys

We present an analytic model to predict the HI mass contributed by confused sources to a stacked spectrum in a generic HI survey. Based on the ALFALFA correlation function, this model is in agreement with the estimates of confusion present in stacked Parkes telescope data, and was used to predict how confusion will limit stacking in the deepest SKA-precursor HI surveys. Stacking with LADUMA and DINGO UDEEP data will only be mildly impacted by confusion if their target synthesised beam size of 10 arcsec can be achieved. Any beam size significantly above this will result in stacks that contain a mass in confused sources that is comparable to (or greater than) that which is detectable via stacking, at all redshifts. CHILES' 5 arcsec resolution is more than adequate to prevent confusion influencing stacking of its data, throughout its bandpass range. FAST will be the most impeded by confusion, with HI surveys likely becoming heavily confused much beyond z = 0.1. The largest uncertainties in our model are the redshift evolution of the HI density of the Universe and the HI correlation function. However, we argue that the two idealised cases we adopt should bracket the true evolution, and the qualitative conclusions are unchanged regardless of the model choice. The profile shape of the signal due to confusion (in the absence of any detection) was also modelled, revealing that it can take the form of a double Gaussian with a narrow and wide component.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted to MNRA

Spectroscopic Confusion: Its Impact on Current and Future Extragalactic HI Surveys

We present a comprehensive model to predict the rate of spectroscopic confusion in HI surveys, and demonstrate good agreement with the observable confusion in existing surveys. Generically the action of confusion on the HI mass function was found to be a suppression of the number count of sources below the `knee', and an enhancement above it. This results in a bias, whereby the `knee' mass is increased and the faint end slope is steepened. For ALFALFA and HIPASS we find that the maximum impact this bias can have on the Schechter fit parameters is similar in magnitude to the published random errors. On the other hand, the impact of confusion on the HI mass functions of upcoming medium depth interferometric surveys, will be below the level of the random errors. In addition, we find that previous estimates of the number of detections for upcoming surveys with SKA-precursor telescopes may have been too optimistic, as the framework implemented here results in number counts between 60% and 75% of those previously predicted, while accurately reproducing the counts of existing surveys. Finally, we argue that any future single dish, wide area surveys of HI galaxies would be best suited to focus on deep observations of the local Universe (z < 0.05), as confusion may prevent them from being competitive with interferometric surveys at higher redshift, while their lower angular resolution allows their completeness to be more easily calibrated for nearby extended sources.Comment: Accepted to MNRAS, 14 pages, 9 figures, 2 table

The Impact of Financial Aid on Postsecondary Persistence: A Review of the Literature

This article identifies the conundrum that exists between removing financial access barriers to college and the student recipients’ inability to sustain reenrollment. After reviewing the findings of 7 research studies related to the impact of financial aid on persistence, the article concludes with a discussion of possible intervention strategies to employ in conjunction with fi nancial aid packages

EFFECT OF QUALITY ON THE ATTRITION OF ENLISTED MARINES FROM THE ACTIVE RESERVE

Marines who serve in the Active Reserve are vital to the success of the large reserve force. Though small in number, the Active Reserve provides critical support to the various components of the reserve force. Marine Reserve Affairs is concerned about the quality of Marines who access into the Active Reserve. The concern is that non-high quality accessions will have adverse impacts on the future Staff Non-commissioned Officer population. This research seeks to examine the attrition trends among Corporals and Sergeants using various measures of quality and different demographic categories. I conduct the research using 10 years of panel data provided by Marine Reserve Affairs. I use survival analysis to study the relationship between rank, quality, and attrition. I find that high-quality Corporals attrite at lower levels than high-quality Sergeants after meeting initial service obligations. This research could be used in the future to study why Marines in the Active Reserve attrite and which component of the larger reserve force they attrite into.Major, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited