393 research outputs found

    The Effects of Central Grants on Decentralized Social Programs: Post]2005 School Expense Assistance in Japan

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    This study examines the effects of central matching grants for the School Expense Assistance (SEA) in the midst of increasing child poverty in Japan. The 2005 reform replaced SEA grants with increases in general revenues through the system of Local Allocation Tax (LAT). By exploiting the facts that the replaced grants were closed]ended and that LAT disbursements were not made to every locality, we could not only identify the effects of the matching grants but also decompose the effects into price and income effects. We show that the 2005 change indeed suppressed SEA expenditures. The loss of matching grants reduced per]recipient SEA benefits by about JPN\5,000 (US56) for first]year elementary school students and JPN\12,000 (US133) for first]year junior high school students. The loss also reduced recipient percentage among students by 1.2-2.1 percentage points from 11.52 percent in 2004, although the eligibility criteria were barely affected.school expense assistance,fiscal transfers, differnce-in-difference, Japan

    Mean curvature flow for generating discrete surfaces with piecewise constant mean curvatures

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    Piecewise constant mean curvature (P-CMC) surfaces are generated using the mean curvature flow (MCF). As an extension of the known fact that a CMC surface is the stationary point of an energy functional, a P-CMC surface can be obtained as the stationary point of an energy functional of multiple patch surfaces and auxiliary surfaces between them. A new formulation is presented for the MCF as the negative gradient flow of the energy functional for multiple patch continuous surfaces, which are further discretized so as to determine the change in the vertex positions of triangular meshes on the surface as well as along the internal boundaries between patches. Numerical examples show that multiple patch surfaces approximately reach the specified mean curvatures through the proposed method, which can diversify the options for the shape design using CMC surfaces

    Discrete Gaussian Curvature Flow for Piecewise Constant Gaussian Curvature Surface

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    A method is presented for generating a discrete piecewise constant Gaussian curvature (CGC) surface. An energy functional is first formulated so that its stationary point is the linear Weingarten (LW) surface, which has a property such that the weighted sum of mean and Gaussian curvatures is constant. The CGC surface is obtained using the gradient derived from the first variation of a special type of the energy functional of the LW surface and updating the surface shape based on the Gaussian curvature flow. A filtering method is incorporated to prevent oscillation and divergence due to unstable property of the discretized Gaussian curvature flow. Two techniques are proposed to generate a discrete piecewise CGC surface with preassigned internal boundaries. The step length of Gaussian curvature flow is adjusted by introducing a line search algorithm to minimize the energy functional. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical examples of generating various shapes of CGC surfaces

    Il libro di Daniele e l'apocalittica ebraica antica

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    1. Un genere letterario e una visione del mondo. 2. La letteratura apocalittica ebraica. 3. Le radici dell'apocalittica ebraica. 4. Apocalittica, enochismo, qumranesimo. 5. Il libro di Daniele. 6. Le principali apocalissi non canoniche
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