Role of hydrophobic interaction in hapten-antibody binding

The precipitation reaction of bovine serum albumin coupled with p-azophenylleucine with homologous antibody was inhibited by several structurally related haptens. The isobutyl group substituent on alpha-carbon atom of the leucine residue contributed more than -5.8 Kcal/mol to the free energy of binding. This value was consistent with the free energy change expected from the transfer of n-butane from an aqueous environment to liquid n-butane. The observed contribution was explained, in terms of the hydrophobic interaction of the isobutyl group with the antigen binding site of the antibody molecule. These results were also compared with other hapten-antibody systems.</p

Modeling of a 500kV Transmission Tower for Lightning Surge Analysis

Modeling of transmission towers is an essential part of the traveling analysis of lightning surges in overhead power transmission lines. In this paper, an equivalent distributed constant line model of the transmission tower is developed. The model consists of three parts : main poles, lattices and crossarms. The surge impedance of each part is expressed by the functions of their dimensions and geometries. This tower model is applied to the 500kV transmission tower of which surge performance characteristics are measured. It is found that the tower voltage wave shapes calculated from this model closely agree with the measured ones. This proves that the authors' proposed tower model well simulates the surge performances of an actual transmission tower

Design and implementation of OFDM signal processing on PSoC microcontroller

Article2013 International Conference on ICT Convergence (ICTC). 391-392 (2013)journal articl

Neotenic reproductives influence worker caste differentiation in the termite Reticulitermes speratus (Isoptera; Rhinotermitidae)

Division of labor among castes in social insect colonies increases ergonomic efficiency and colony-level fitness, and has played a key role in the ecological success of social insects. Knowledge of the factors that regulate castes is important for understanding adaptive social organization. Our previous study on the termite Reticulitermes speratus demonstrated that the presence of a pair of nymphoid reproductives during development affected offspring caste ratios. In the present study, we investigated further the influence of individual neotenics on offspring caste ratios. Parthenogenetically-produced offspring were reared in worker-tended experimental colonies with the addition of different forms (nymphoid or ergatoid) and numbers of neotenics, and compared the caste ratios of the offspring between the different experimental treatments. We found that all offspring in worker-only tended colonies became nymphs, while a proportion of offspring in colonies with a single neotenic (with the exception of male ergatoids) differentiated into workers. These results show offspring caste ratios are influenced by the presence of single female ergatoids, single female and male nymphoids, while they remain unaffected by the presence of male ergatoids

Space Charge Measurement Using a Small Sphere as a Probe

A method for measuring the space charge produced by impulse corona in an air gap has been developed, using a small sphere as a probe. The probe is located far from the corona volume, and is connected to earth through resistance or capacitance. The probe induces a current or charge by electrostatic induction from the space charge. Since the induced charge on the probe is proportional to the space charge, it is possible to analyze the magnitude and polarity of the space charge from the probe signal. It is also possible to analyze the temporal variation caused by corona growth or movement of the space charge

Discharge Phenomena of the Insulator Assembly and Occurrence of Critical Cascading Flashover Phenomena

This paper describes conditions for an occurrence of cascading flashover phenomena on the insulator assembly with the use of a high voltage transmission line by experiments in a laboratory room. The 154 kV suspension insulator assembly is employed as testing apparatus which consists of a chain of 9 standard suspension insulators equipped with an arcing horn. In the experiments, the apparatus is separated into two parts consisting of a bare insulator chain and a pair of arcing horns. The lightning impulse with positive polarity or negative are applied to the test pieces, and the over-voltage is used in those tests. Thus, the creeping flashover occurred with short lag time. The V-t curves and the 50% cascading flashover voltage were obtained and the prebreakdown phenomena were observed from the tests, then, it is concluded that the critical cascading flashovers occur with short time lag (T₀＝1.8 μ sec. or less) and a high steepness (1833 kV/μ sec. or more), and corona on the insulator surface starts from negative side electrode