Orientation Characteristics of Non-regiocontrolled Poly (3-hexyl-thiophene) Film by FTM on Various Liquid Substrates

Orientation characteristics of non-regiocontrolled poly (3-hexylthiophene) (NR-P3HT) films prepared by dynamic casting of floating film and transferring method (FTM) has been investigated. The film was first cast on liquid-substrate to obtain as a floating-film followed by its transfer on solid-substrate such as white-glass or Si-wafer in order to evaluate their optoelectronic characteristics. As a possible key-factor to generate the orientation of conjugated polymer in this method we focused on the components of liquid-substrate in this study. The orientation dependence upon various liquid-substrates reveals that dichroic ratio strongly changes with liquid-substrates. Pictures of floating-film show the change in size of floating-parts depending upon the liquid-substrate, representing the expansion length of casting solution upon the viscosity. These findings have indicated that spreading speed of polymer solution and solvent evaporation speed controls the size of floating-film leading to change in the orientation intensity. The multilayer coatings of oriented NR-P3HT films were used for polarized FTIR analysis exhibiting clear dichroism. The obtained dichroic characteristics were well corresponded with in-plane, out-of-plane and non-oriented vibronic modes of P3HT.India-Japan Expert Group Meeting on Biomolecular Electronics & Organic Nanotechnology for Environment Preservation (IJEGMBE 2015), December 23-26, 2015, Fukuoka, Japa

Parametric Optimization of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Far red Sensitizing Dye with Cobalt Electrolyte

A far-red sensitizing dye SQ-75 has been employed as a model sensitizer with Co(bpy)2+/3+ redox electrolytes to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and optimize the various device parameters which influence the overall photoconversion efficiency (PCE). It has been found that the optimization of the TiO2 thickness, surface treatment with TiCl4, and an optimum amount of the chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as coadsorber are necessary to attain the overall improved PCE. TiCl4 surface treatment on both FTO and TiO2 has been found to outperform as compared to their untreated counterparts owing to the suppression of the charge recombination. DSSCs with an optimized TiO2 thickness of 6 μm and CDCA concentration of 4 mM have exhibited best performance due to enhanced photon harvesting and reduced dye aggregation, respectively.12th International Conference on Nanomolecular Electronics (ICNME-2016), December 14-16, 2016, Kobe International Conference Center, Kobe, Japa

Photophysical Characterization and BSA Interaction of Direct Ring Carboxy Functionalized Symmetrical squaraine Dyes

A series of far-red sensitive symmetrical squaraine dyes bearing direct –COOH functionalized indole ring were synthesized, characterized and subjected to photophysical investigations. These symmetrical squaraine dyes were then subjected to investigate their interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Phosphate buffer solutions. All the squaraine dyes under investigation exhibit intense and sharp optical absorption mainly in the far-red wavelength region from 550 nm -700 nm having very high molar extinction coefficients from 1.3 × 105 dm3.mol−1.cm−1. A very small Stokes shift of 10-17 nm indicates the rigid conformational structure of squaraine chromophore. Interaction of these dyes with BSA leads to not only enhanced emission intensity but also bathochromically shifted absorption maximum due to formation of dye-BSA conjugate. These dyes bind strongly with BSA having about an order of magnitude higher binding constant as compared to the reported squaraine dyes. Amongst the symmetrical squaraine dyes investigated in this work one bearing substituents like trifluorobutyl as alkyl chain at N-position of indole ring and carboxylic acid on benzene ring at the terminal (SQ-26) exhibited highest association with the BSA having very high binding constant 8.01 × 106 M−1.12th International Conference on Nanomolecular Electronics (ICNME-2016), December 14-16, 2016, Kobe International Conference Center, Kobe, Japa

Casting Control of Floating-films into Ribbon-shape Structure by modified Dynamic FTM

We have developed a new method to obtain Ribbon-shaped floating films via dynamic casting of floating-film and transfer method (dynamic-FTM). Dynamic-FTM is a unique method to prepare oriented thin-film of conjugated polymers (CPs) which is quick and easy. This method has several advantages as compared to the other conventional casting procedure to prepare oriented CP films. In the conventional dynamic FTM appearance of large scale circular orientation poses difficulty not only for practical applications but also hinders the detailed analysis of the orientation mechanism. In this present work, pros and cons of this newly proposed ribbon-shaped floating-film have been discussed in detail from those of the conventional floating-film prepared by dynamic-FTM.12th International Conference on Nanomolecular Electronics (ICNME-2016), December 14-16, 2016, Kobe International Conference Center, Kobe, Japa

Combined theoretical and experimental approaches for development of squaraine dyes with small energy barrier for electron injection

A series of far-red sensitizing squaraine dyes has been systematically designed and synthesized in order to correlate the theoretically calculated values with their corresponding experimental parameters. Efforts have been directed towards determining the minimum thermodynamic energy barrier for the electron injection in the nanoporous TiO2 by logical molecular design. Theoretical calculations using Gaussian program package were performed for ground and excited states in both of the isolated gaseous state as well as in solution including the solvent effect using a self-consistent reaction field polarizable continuum model (PCM). Implementation of the PCM model or use of LSDA functional under TD-DFT calculations gives much better results for energetics as well as absorption maximum for all of the sensitizers used in this work. Newly designed symmetrical squaraine dye SQ-5 exhibits a minimum energy barrier of 0.16 eV for electron injection and shows photon harvesting behavior in far-red region with external photoconversion efficiency of 2.02% under simulated solar irradiation

Statistical Communication Theory

Contains reports on four research projects

Parametric Optimization of Experimental Conditions for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells based on Far-red Sensitive Squaraine Dye

A far-red sensitive unsymmetrical squaraine dye SQ-41 has been synthesized and subjected to the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells by varying the various parameters in order attain optimum photoconversion efficiency (η). It has been demonstrated that an optimum ratio of dye to coadsorber, thickness of mesoporous TiO2 layer, redox electrolyte and surface treatment are necessary to enhance overall external η. In the case of surface treatment, it has been shown to exhibit pronounced device performance when both of the FTO as well mesoporous TiO2 surfaces were treated with aqueous TiCl4. In spite of very high molar extinction coefficient of dye SQ-41, 10-12 µm thickness of mesoporous TiO2 was found to be necessary to attain the maximum η.India-Japan Expert Group Meeting on Biomolecular Electronics & Organic Nanotechnology for Environment Preservation (IJEGMBE 2015), December 23-26, 2015, Fukuoka, Japa

Enhancement of carrier mobility along with anisotropic transport in non-regiocontrolled poly (3-hexylthiophene) films processed by floating film transfer method

A newly developed floating film transfer method (FTM) has been successfully utilized to fabricate oriented thin films of non-regiocontrolled poly (3-hexyl thiophene) (NR-P3HT) followed by the fabrication of organic field effect transistors (OFETs). AFM microstructural investigations demonstrate the facile molecular alignment of NR-P3HT by FTM leading to highly oriented macromolecular assemblies like fibrous domains with considerably enhanced π-conjugation length. FTM thin films of NR-P3HT not only show enhanced optical anisotropy (dichroic ratio >8) but also significantly improved FET characteristics. FTM films in its parallel orientation exhibited a significant improvement (>2 orders) in the FET mobility as compared to its spin-coated device counterparts

Solvent driven performance in thin floating-films of PBTTT for organic field effect transistor: Role of macroscopic orientation

Considering the advantages of floating film transfer method (FTM), we have investigated the optical and electronic characteristics of PBTTT-C14 thin-films prepared by the static and the dynamic casting on liquid substrate. It has been demonstrated that judicious selection of solvents during FTM switches the casting mode from the static casting (S-FTM) using high boiling point solvent to the dynamic casting (D-FTM) from low boiling point solvent. Although both of the methods provide the edge-on oriented structure of PBTTT-C14 by XRD, the structural and the optical analyses reveal relatively extended π-conjugation length in parallel D-FTM film as compared to that of S-FTM. A high field-effect mobility (μ) of 0.11 cm2/V.s was exhibited by OFETs fabricated by parallel D-FTM film even without any high temperature post-annealing up to the liquid crystalline phase transition. This observed value of μ for parallel D-FTM is 4.7 and 12.8 times higher than the isotropic S-FTM and the perpendicular D-FTM films, respectively

1/fα1/f^\alpha spectra in elementary cellular automata and fractal signals

We systematically compute the power spectra of the one-dimensional elementary cellular automata introduced by Wolfram. On the one hand our analysis reveals that one automaton displays $1/f$ spectra though considered as trivial, and on the other hand that various automata classified as chaotic/complex display no $1/f$ spectra. We model the results generalizing the recently investigated Sierpinski signal to a class of fractal signals that are tailored to produce $1/f^{\alpha}$ spectra. From the widespread occurrence of (elementary) cellular automata patterns in chemistry, physics and computer sciences, there are various candidates to show spectra similar to our results.Comment: 4 pages (3 figs included