Wortschöpfung: Die Memphitische Theologie und die Siegesstele des Pije - zwei Zeugen kultureller Repäsentation in der 25. Dynastie

Wie kann man eine Idee datieren? In Zeit und Raum einordnen, ohne dass ihre lebende Dynamik eingeschränkt wird? Welche Möglichkeiten gibt es, mit alten, fremden Kulturen in Kontakt zu treten, ohne in Versuchung zu geraten nur sich selbst zu finden? Dieses Buch nimmt sich zur Aufgabe exemplarisch anhand der Untersuchung des prominenten aber auch umstrittenen Denkmals Memphitischer Theologie auf theoretisch-methodischer und kulturwissenschaftlicher Ebene sowie auf traditioneller ägyptologischer Basis die vor genannten Fragen angemessen zu beantworten. Das Denkmal Memphitischer Theologie wurde zwar immer wieder Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen, niemals aber insgesamt dokumentiert und auf die Fragestellungen unseres heutigen Wissens hin bearbeitet. Ziel dieser "dichten Beschreibung" des in ägyptologischen und religionswissenschaftlichen Kreisen herausragenden Dokuments ist es, diese Lücke zu füllen. Neue Erkenntnisse aus der Literaturwissenschaft, z. B. über das Text-Kontext Gefälle, werden angewandt, um zu einem erweiterten Blickwinkel zu gelangen. So wird die bekannte und umfangreichste Textquelle der kuschitischen Epoche, aus der gleichen Entstehungszeit der Memphitischen Theologie, die Siegesstele des Pije, erstmals als dessen vertexteter Kontext gleichfalls analysiert. Herrschaft, Deutungsmacht und Repräsentationsprozesse jener kuschitischen Epoche werden dem Leser durch diese pluralistische Analyse in dynamischer Weise veranschaulicht

Osiris lives: Exalting the “drowned one” in Qubet el Hawa and at the modern Cemetery of “Gabanat Aswan”

In Fall 2015, the Bonner Qubbet el Hawa Survey found a strange tumulus during the cleaning of the riverbank searching for the quayside used in funerary processions from Elephantine to the ancient necropolis on the west bank. This mud-brick shrine was definitely built before the Aswan Dam (1898) and is dedicated to a certain Sheikh Youssef, the drowned one. This cenotaph is still in use to date and is the object of exaltation of folk’s natural fertility occult rites. To understand this non-Islamic cult in contemporary Aswan, I will compare this cult with the cult of Heqa-ib in his shrine in Elephantine from the Middle and New Kingdoms, and with the contemporary secret cult in the Gabanat Aswan, in which such practices take place every night. This extraordinary cemetery congregates hundreds of symbolic graves of all the key figures of Islamic sainthood (Al Hussein, Ahmad Al Refa’y, Saida Zeinab etc). This presentation will give an overview regarding the main characteristics of Osiris and Isis, as derived from Egyptian funerary and temple sources, as well as modern Egyptian cultural memories in folklore, art and literature. All these sources celebrate the resurrection of Osiris after the grooming of Isis and Nephthys, the “two great mourners,” with their long exaltation hymns. Finally, the living God Osiris ascends, the fertile soil becomes green, and Isis becomes pregnant. The young ladies exalting Sheikh Youssuf at Qubbet el Hawa are praying for the one with the “beautiful face” (nfr Hr) and the “beautiful being” (wn nfr), and waiting that he comes out from the Nile so that they become pregnant. This contribution will reconsider the origin of cenotaphs (darieh/maqam/mashhad) in contemporary use as an ancient Osirian tradition, and not, as posited by previous scholars, as a Shiite influence of the Fatimid reign in Egypt

Metabolite Profiling of Premium Civet Luwak Bio-Transformed Coffee Compared with Conventional Coffee Types, as Analyzed Using Chemometric Tools

Luwak (civet) coffee is one of the most precious and exotic coffee commodities in the world. It has garnered an increasing reputation as the rarest and most expensive coffee, with an annual production. Many targeted analytical techniques have been reported for the discrimination of specialty coffee commodities, such as Luwak coffee, from other ordinary coffee. This study presents the first comparative metabolomics approach for Luwak coffee analysis compared to other coffee products, targeting secondary and aroma metabolites using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography (GC), or liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Chemometric modeling of these datasets showed significant classification among all samples and aided in identifying potential novel markers for Luwak coffee from other coffee samples. Markers have indicated that C. arabica was the source of Luwak coffee, with several new markers being identified, including kahweol, chlorogenic acid lactones, and elaidic acid. Aroma profiling using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled with GC/MS revealed higher levels of guaiacol derivatives, pyrazines, and furans in roasted Luwak coffee compared with roasted C. arabica. Quantification of the major metabolites was attempted using NMR for Luwak coffee to enable future standardization. Lower levels of alkaloids (caffeine 2.85 µg/mg, trigonelline 0.14 µg/mg, and xanthine 0.03 µg/mg) were detected, compared with C. arabica. Other metabolites that were quantified in civet coffee included kahweol and difurfuryl ether at 1.37 and 0.15 µg/mg, respectively

Metabolite Profiling of Premium Civet Luwak Bio-Transformed Coffee Compared with Conventional Coffee Types, as Analyzed Using Chemometric Tools

Luwak (civet) coffee is one of the most precious and exotic coffee commodities in the world. It has garnered an increasing reputation as the rarest and most expensive coffee, with an annual production. Many targeted analytical techniques have been reported for the discrimination of specialty coffee commodities, such as Luwak coffee, from other ordinary coffee. This study presents the first comparative metabolomics approach for Luwak coffee analysis compared to other coffee products, targeting secondary and aroma metabolites using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography (GC), or liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Chemometric modeling of these datasets showed significant classification among all samples and aided in identifying potential novel markers for Luwak coffee from other coffee samples. Markers have indicated that C. arabica was the source of Luwak coffee, with several new markers being identified, including kahweol, chlorogenic acid lactones, and elaidic acid. Aroma profiling using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled with GC/MS revealed higher levels of guaiacol derivatives, pyrazines, and furans in roasted Luwak coffee compared with roasted C. arabica. Quantification of the major metabolites was attempted using NMR for Luwak coffee to enable future standardization. Lower levels of alkaloids (caffeine 2.85 µg/mg, trigonelline 0.14 µg/mg, and xanthine 0.03 µg/mg) were detected, compared with C. arabica. Other metabolites that were quantified in civet coffee included kahweol and difurfuryl ether at 1.37 and 0.15 µg/mg, respectively

Improvement of iron-deficiency anemia resulting from gastric antral vascular ectasia in patients with systemic sclerosis: cyclophosphamide versus argon plasma coagulation

Background Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by multisystem affection that could involve the gastrointestinal tract in the form of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) that might cause iron-deficiency anemia. Objective Evaluation of the outcome and the experience of management of iron deficiency anemia resulting from GAVE in patients with scleroderma using cyclophosphamide therapy compared with argon plasma coagulation (APC). Patients and methods This study was conducted over a 2-year period from February 2015 to February 2017. Scleroderma patients with GAVE and iron deficiency anemia were treated with cyclophosphamide (group I) others with APC application to areas with mucosal vascular lesions (group II). Results In total, 14 scleroderma patients with iron deficiency anemia resulting from associated GAVE were enrolled into two groups: group I included seven patients who were treated with cyclophosphamide infusion and group II were exposed to APC in sessions. Patients were followed up at 3 and 6 months; the endpoint was a complete response with improved anemia [hemoglobin (HB) and blood indices], and it was achieved in both groups as we found in group I patients there was a highly significant improvement (P<0.001) in HB, 3 and 6 months after therapy and in group II patients there was a highly significant improvement (P<0.001) in iron level 3 and 6 months, HB 6 months after. On comparing both groups it was clear that there was a significant improvement in group I as regards HB and ferritin levels 3 and 6 months after treatment when compared with group II, and highly significant increase in serum iron level 6 months after treatment in group I when compared with group II. Conclusion We found that cyclophosphamide and APC are highly efficacious and safe in controlling anemia resulting from scleroderma-associated GAVE. Also, cyclophosphamide is more efficient than APC in improving in those patients