Chiral effects in second-order optical nonlinearity of a poly(isocyanide) monolayer

Communication: The influence of chirality on the nonlinear optical properties of poly(isocyanide)s is examined. It is found that the chiral and nonlinear properties can occur on different levels of the molecular structure and can therefore be separately tuned, but that they still can be coupled together. The NLO properties of chiral molecules can also be enhanced significantly by optimizing the magnetic contributions to the nonlinearity, an important result for applications in electro-optics

COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF DILTIAZEM AND LISINOPRIL ON LEFT-VENTRICULAR STRUCTURE AND FILLING IN MILD-TO-MODERATE HYPERTENSION

The comparative effects on echocardiographically determined left ventricular (LV) mass and pulsed Doppler derived indexes of LV diastolic filling were studied in previously untreated hypertensive patients after 6 months of treatment with diltiazem 300 mg once daily (o.d.) (n = 16), and lisinopril 20 mg o.d. (n = 20). LV mass index decreased in the lisinopril group (from 92 to 82 g/m(2)), but not in the diltiazem group (from 98 to 96 g/m(2)); mean difference after 6 months of treatment with diltazem-lisinopril was 13.7 g/m(2) [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8 to 26.6, p <0.05], In both groups diastolic filling parameters improved, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Both treatment regimens showed a similar decrease in office and maximal exercise systolic blood pressure (SPB). Ambulatory daytime BP was lower after lisinopril treatment (from 147/96 to 126/83 mm Hg) than after diltiazem treatment (from 142/93 to 135/87 mm Hg); mean difference between diltiazem and lisinopril after 6 months of treatment was 9.7 (95% CI 3.4 to 16.0, p <0.05)/9.4 (95% CI 2.5 to 16.3, p <0.05) mm Hg. Nighttime BP decreased from 129/81 to 113/70 mm Hg in the lisinopril group, but not in the diltiazem group (from 125/79 to 122/77 mm Hg); mean difference between diltiazem and lisinopril after 6 months of treatment was 4.4 (95% CI -0.2 to 8.9)/6.6 (95% CI 1,1 to 12.0) mm Hg. Changes in diastolic filling parameters were significantly correlated with changes in LV mass index in the lisinopril group, suggesting that the improvements in diastolic filling in the diltazem group may be partly due to an effect on factors other than LV mass

Long-term effects of amlodipine and lisinopril on left ventricular mass and diastolic function in elderly, previously untreated hypertensive patients: the ELVERA trial

Objective To compare the effects of a calcium antagonist (amlodipine) and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril) on left Ventricular mass and diastolic function in elderly, previously untreated hypertensives. Design A double-blind randomized parallel group trial. Effects of amlodipine and lisinopril on left ventricular mass and diastolic function (E/A Ratio) (The ELVERA trial), Setting Rural northern Netherlands: population screening new diagnosed hypertensive subjects. Patients The study population comprised 166 newly diagnosed hypertensive (aged 60-75) with diastolic blood pressure between 95-115 mmHg and/or systolic blood pressure between 160-220 mmHg, Intervention Patients were randomly allocated to receive 5-10 mg amlodipine or 10-20 mg lisinopril for 2 years. Main outcome measures Prior and after 1 and 2 years of treatment left ventricular mass, indexed by body surface (LVMI) was estimated by 2-D mode echocardiography according to Devereux with use of Penn convention. Early to atrial filling ratio (E/A) was assessed by transmitral flow. Change from baseline of LVMI and E/A ratio was evaluated by repeated measurement analysis of the treatment effect in an intention-to-treat analysis. Results Both amlodipine and lisinopril led to equivalent reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. At the end of the study the amlodipine group led to LVMI decrease by 21,8 g/m less than or equal to [95% confidence interval (CI), 18.3-25.3] and E/A ratio increased by 0.08 (95% CI, 0.05-0,11), in the lisinopril group LVMI decreased by 22.4 g/m less than or equal to (95%, CI, 19.0-25.8) and E/A ratio increased by 0.07 (95% CI, 0,04-0.10). No statistically significant differences were found in changes in LVMI and E/A ratio between amlodipine and lisinopril. Conclusion A long-term study, the ELVERA trial proves that amlodipine and lisinopril reduce left ventricular mass and improve diastolic function to a similar extent in elderly newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Long-term effects of amlodipine and lisinopril on left ventricular mass and diastolic function in elderly, previously untreated hypertensive patients:the ELVERA trial

Objective To compare the effects of a calcium antagonist (amlodipine) and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril) on left Ventricular mass and diastolic function in elderly, previously untreated hypertensives. Design A double-blind randomized parallel group trial. Effects of amlodipine and lisinopril on left ventricular mass and diastolic function (E/A Ratio) (The ELVERA trial), Setting Rural northern Netherlands: population screening new diagnosed hypertensive subjects. Patients The study population comprised 166 newly diagnosed hypertensive (aged 60-75) with diastolic blood pressure between 95-115 mmHg and/or systolic blood pressure between 160-220 mmHg, Intervention Patients were randomly allocated to receive 5-10 mg amlodipine or 10-20 mg lisinopril for 2 years. Main outcome measures Prior and after 1 and 2 years of treatment left ventricular mass, indexed by body surface (LVMI) was estimated by 2-D mode echocardiography according to Devereux with use of Penn convention. Early to atrial filling ratio (E/A) was assessed by transmitral flow. Change from baseline of LVMI and E/A ratio was evaluated by repeated measurement analysis of the treatment effect in an intention-to-treat analysis. Results Both amlodipine and lisinopril led to equivalent reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. At the end of the study the amlodipine group led to LVMI decrease by 21,8 g/m less than or equal to [95% confidence interval (CI), 18.3-25.3] and E/A ratio increased by 0.08 (95% CI, 0.05-0,11), in the lisinopril group LVMI decreased by 22.4 g/m less than or equal to (95%, CI, 19.0-25.8) and E/A ratio increased by 0.07 (95% CI, 0,04-0.10). No statistically significant differences were found in changes in LVMI and E/A ratio between amlodipine and lisinopril. Conclusion A long-term study, the ELVERA trial proves that amlodipine and lisinopril reduce left ventricular mass and improve diastolic function to a similar extent in elderly newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins