ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI JUMLAH PENYAKIT KUSTA DI PROVINSI MALUKU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN REGRESI BINOMIAL NEGATIF

Maluku merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang belum mencapai eliminasi kusta karena memiliki angka prevalensi dan jumlah kasus penderita kusta yang masih tinggi. Jumlah penderita kusta merupakan data count yang mengikuti data poisson. Sehingga untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mungkin berpengaruh jumlah penyakit kusta, dilakukan pemodelan menggunakan model regresi poisson. Regresi poisson merupakan model regresi non linier yang sering digunakan untuk mengatasi data count. Dimana variabel respon (Y) mengikuti distribusi poisson. Pada regresi poisson terdapat asumsi equidispersi yaitu nilai mean sama dengan varians. Namun pada kenyataannya asumsi tersebut jarang terpenuhi, karena sering munculnya overdispersi dan underdispersi. Regresi binomial negatif dapat digunakan unutk memodelkan data poisson yang mengalami overdispersi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang signifikan mempengaharui jumlah penyakit kusta di Provinsi Maluku dengan menggunakan regresi binomial negatif adalah presentase yang dilakukan oleh tenaga medis (X2)

Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Dengan Timbulnya Nyeri Punggung Bawah Pada Guru SD Di Kecamatan Tuminting

: Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is one of the biggest problems in developing countries. According to the Department of Health of Indonesia about health problems in Indonesia in 2005, 40.5% of illness were work-related. A study on 9482 workers in 12 districts in Indonesia reported that 16% of common illness was musculoskeletal diseases. This study aimed to determine the musculoskeletal disease (low back pain) during the last 7 days among elementary school teachers at Tuminting. This was a field study with a cross sectional design. Instruments were Nordic Body Map Question, physical exposure, and psychosocial questionnaire. The results showed that were 282 respondents in this study. The respond rate was 78%. There were 81% of respondents withg low back pain. Significant associated risk factors were as follows: class level taught by respondents (p = 0.008); bending while arms were below the knees more than 30 minutes (p = 0.049); leisure time activities during last 7 days (p = 0.024); disruption/interruption (p = 0.003); low job promotion (p = 0.032); unpleasant changes in workplace (p = 0.003); and work-environment satisfaction (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Risk factors associated with low back pain among elementary school teachers at Tuminting were individual, physical, and psychosocial factors

Fracture strength of various types of direct and indirect restorations in the functional repair of endodontically treated molars

The fracture strength of endodontically treated molars restored by means of various types of direct and indirect materials was studied in vitro. 105 sound molars were endodontically treated and randomly assigned to 1 control group (endodontic access cavity only) and 6 experimental groups (n = 15) with restorations of the following materials: glass fibre reinforced composite (GFRC); microhybrid composite (C); microhybrid composite restoration with glass fiber post (CP); full-contour lithium disilicate crown (LDS); full-contour lithium disilicate crown with glass fiber post (P-LDS); and an endocrown (EC). Specimens were thermo-mechanically aged and axially loaded until failure. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Fracture strength was significantly affected by the type of restoration (p = 0.000). LDS had significantly higher fracture strength than the control group and GFRC, C and CP groups. Groups EC, LDS and P-LDS were not statistically different from each other in fracture strength. This was also the case with EC, P-LDS and all composite groups. The glass fibre strength of composite restoration resulted in significantly fewer fatal fractures.</p

Fracture Strength of Various Types of Large Direct Composite and Indirect Glass Ceramic Restorations

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical behavior of severely compromised endodontically treated molars restored by means of various types of composite buildups, full-contour lithium disilicate crowns (with or without post) or a lithium disilicate endocrown. Methods and Materials: One hundred five sound molars were endodontically treated and randomly assigned to 1 control group (endodontic access cavity only) and 6 experimental groups (n=15): glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRC group), direct microhybrid composite (C group), direct microhybrid composite restoration with glass fiber post (CP group), composite buildup and full-contour lithium disilicate crown (LDS group), additional glass fiber post (P-LDS group), and endocrown (EC group). Molar crowns in the treatment groups were removed 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction and restored. All specimens were thermomechanically aged (1.2x10(6) cycles at 1.7 Hz/50N, 8000 cycles 5 degrees C to 55 degrees C) and axially loaded until failure. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (alpha=0.05). Results: Fracture strength was significantly affected by the type of restoration (p=0.000; statistically similar groups identified with superscript letters): LDSB (3217 +/- 1052 N), P-LDSAB (2697 +/- 665 N), ECAB (2425 +/- 993 N), C-A (2192 +/- 752), control(A) (1890 +/- 774 N), CPA (1830 +/- 590 N), and GFRC(A) (1823 +/- 911 N). Group GFRC obtained significantly more repairable fractures than the other groups. Conclusions: Significant differences in fracture strength were obtained between LDS, the composite restorations, and control group. Direct composite restorations showed similar fracture strength as P-LDS and EC. Incorporating a glass fiber reinforced composite resulted in significantly more repairable failures