Emissions from the road traffic of West African cities : assessment of vehicle fleet and fuel consumption

Traffic source emission inventories for the rapidly growing West African urban cities are necessary for better characterization of local vehicle emissions released into the atmosphere of these cities. This study is based on local field measurements in Yopougon (Abidjan, C&ocirc te d&rsquo Ivoire) in 2016 a site representative of anthropogenic activities in West African cities. The measurements provided data on vehicle type and age, traveling time, fuel type, and estimated amount of fuel consumption. The data revealed high traffic flow of personal cars on highways, boulevards, and backstreets, whereas high flows of intra-communal sedan taxis were observed on main and secondary roads. In addition, the highest daily fuel consumption value of 56 L&middot day&minus 1 was recorded for heavy vehicles, while the lowest value of 15 L&middot 1 was recorded for personal cars using gasoline. This study is important for the improvement of uncertainties related to the different databases used to estimate emissions either in national or international reports. This work provides useful information for future studies on urban air quality, climate, and health impact assessments in African cities. It may also be useful for policy makers to support implementation of emission reduction policies in West African cities. Document type: Articl

Emissions from the road traffic of West African cities : assessment of vehicle fleet and fuel consumption

Traffic source emission inventories for the rapidly growing West African urban cities are necessary for better characterization of local vehicle emissions released into the atmosphere of these cities. This study is based on local field measurements in Yopougon (Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire) in 2016; a site representative of anthropogenic activities in West African cities. The measurements provided data on vehicle type and age, traveling time, fuel type, and estimated amount of fuel consumption. The data revealed high traffic flow of personal cars on highways, boulevards, and backstreets, whereas high flows of intra-communal sedan taxis were observed on main and secondary roads. In addition, the highest daily fuel consumption value of 56 L.day(-1) was recorded for heavy vehicles, while the lowest value of 15 L.day(-1) was recorded for personal cars using gasoline. This study is important for the improvement of uncertainties related to the different databases used to estimate emissions either in national or international reports. This work provides useful information for future studies on urban air quality, climate, and health impact assessments in African cities. It may also be useful for policy makers to support implementation of emission reduction policies in West African cities

Contraintes d'utilisation des technologies de l'information géographique pour la gestion intégrée des zones côtières en Afrique

Cette contribution décrit trois SIG mis en œuvre sur la zone côtière africaine à partir d'objectifs de GIZC : observatoires des changements (Mauritanie), des risques côtiers (Côte d'Ivoire) et planification côtière (Guinée-Bissau). Les principales étapes de leur constitution et les résultats auxquels ils ont conduit sont présentés. Si leurs perspectives d'utilisation sont incontestables notamment pour le suivi, l'analyse et la modélisation des changements et des risques côtiers, il apparaît néanmoins que le succès à long terme de leur implantation est conditionné par divers facteurs institutionnels et humains.Three GIS applications for african coastal environmental are presented: an observatory of coastal environmental changes in Mauritania, coastal risk assessments in Ivory Coast and a synthetic approach to the Bijagos Archipelago Biosphere Reserve in Guinea Bissau. The main steps and the results illustrate the different stages of GIS implementation (inventory, analysis and management applications). GIS capabilities for monitoring, environmental changes analysis and modelling are highlighted and discussed. But despite these obvious capabilities, it is clear that the GIS long term success will also depend on organizational and human issues

Contraintes d'utilisation des technologies de l'information géographique pour la gestion intégrée des zones côtières en Afrique

Three GIS applications for african coastal environmental are presented: an observatory of coastal environmental changes in Mauritania, coastal risk assessments in Ivory Coast and a synthetic approach to the Bijagos Archipelago Biosphere Reserve in Guinea Bissau. The main steps and the results illustrate the different stages of GIS implementation (inventory, analysis and management applications). GIS capabilities for monitoring, environmental changes analysis and modelling are highlighted and discussed. But despite these obvious capabilities, it is clear that the GIS long term success will also depend on organizational and human issues

CIGR E-Journal Volume 2

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityTECHNICAL ARTICLES: (1) Montero, J., Tarjuelo, J.M. and Ortega, J.F. Heterogeneity Analysis of the Irrigation in Fields with Medium Size Sprinklers. (2) J.F. Ortega, J.M. Tarjuelo, J. Montero, J.A. de Juan. Discharge Efficiency in Sprinkling Irrigation: Analysis of the Evaporation and Drift Losses in Semi-arid Areas. (3) Z. Bohuslavek. Estimation of EUROP- Conformation and Fatness of Beef Carcasses by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. (4) Jioi Blahovec, Ahmed A.S.Esmir, Josef Vacek. Objective Method for Determination of Potato Cooking. (5) M. Hauhouot-O'Hara, B.R. Criner, G.H. Brusewitz, J.B. Solie. Selected Physical Characteristics and Aerodynamic Properties of Cheat Seed for Separation From Wheat (6) C. Valero and M. Ruiz-Altisent. Design Guidelines for a Quality Assessment System of Fresh Fruits in Fruit Centers and Hypermarkets. (7) S. Oztekin and Y. Soysal. Comparison of Adsorption and Desorption Isoteric Heats for Some Grains. (8) J. Radon, W. Bieda. Optimisation of a Hybrid Wall for Solar Utilisation in Agriculture. (9) Dr. Ir. Catharinus F. Jaarsma. Sustainable Land Use Planning and Planning of Rural Road Networks. (10) Dorota Wojcicka-Migasiuk & Andrzej Chochowski. Simulation Model for Solar Water Heating for Food Processing...INVITED ARTICLES: (1) L.J. Clarke. Strategies for Agricultural Mechanization Development: The Roles of the Private Sectore and the Government. (2) Prof. Dmitry Strebkov. Trends in Russian Agriculture and Rural Energy. (3) Zachary A. Henry, John E. Dixon, Paul K. Turnquist, Jack L. Schinstock. Status of Agricultural Engineering Educational Programs in the USA. (4) Gajendra Singh. Agricultural Engineering Education in India