Ontspanning in stedelike swart woongebiede: Beplanningsriglyne in 'n krisisituasie

Urbanized areas in South Africa are increasingly fraught with the severe problem of a lack of open space. Against this background the recreation crisis in urban black townships is discussed. Intense demand for space in the growing urban areas holds the danger of utilizing all available space for housing at the expense of the development of recreation facilities which, in black urban areas, is continually being neglected. Findings of a research project in the PWV area (1986-1989) indicated that poor plan­ning and undefined long term objec­tives have, to a large extent, caused the present crisis in providing for recrea­tion. Very often the authorities con­cerned have had to resort to reactive crisis management as the only option. Yet urbanization is not a sudden occurrence and long term planning to provide simultaneously for recreation and housing, is the ideal. Several guidelines for planning, based on research findings, are suggested to address problems in existing townships and to prevent newly developed towns from experiencing similar crises.*This article is written in Afrikaans.&nbsp

'n Klassifikasie van toerisme-attraksies

Without a generally accepted defini­tion and classified list of tourist attrac­tions, regional inventories for the pur­pose of the evaluation and planning of tourism regions, cannot be made. Standardization is also needed for comparison and determination of the relative attractiveness of regions. The purpose of this paper is to define tourism in order to determine the ele­ments of the tourism phenomenon. These elements, which are regarded as equivalent to attractions, can be clas­sified on the basis of a phenomenolog­ical, cognitive or an organizational ap­proach. For the use of physical planning the phenomenological approach is pro­posed as being the most suitable. A comprehensive classification under the headings of (1) the tourist per se; (2)transport mode; (3) natural and cultural resources, and (4) leisure time activities, is presented.*This article is written in Afrikaans

Recreational pursuits of wheelchair users: Overcoming time-space limitations

Wheelchair users are individuals with unique and specific needs in terms of recreation. In general, people overcome obstacles by making choices, thus establishing a certain pattern of activi­ties. For wheelchair users this is not so easy: they cannot always overcome time-space limitations imposed upon them by a hos­tile environment which prevents them from making appropriate choices

Exploring influences on pharmacists’ and students’ ethical reasoning in a changing practice landscape in Australia

© 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Background Practising pharmacists continuously develop their ethical reasoning skills, which evolve with practice experience and exposure to challenging scenarios. Considering the recent expansion of the roles of pharmacists and the paradigm shift in pharmacy practice, it is timely to explore community pharmacists’ attitudes regarding the importance of ethics and their ethical reasoning. Objective To explore underlying factors influencing community pharmacists’ and pharmacy students’ ethical reasoning and attitudes towards pharmacy ethics, ethical reasoning processes and perceived current dilemmas. Setting Practising registered community pharmacists, pharmacists with provisional registration (interns) and final year pharmacy students in Australia. Method Two focus group discussions and two interviews were conducted with 16 Western Australian community pharmacists, interns and students. Participants were purposively selected for gender, background, practice setting, and practice experience. Main outcome measure Emerging themes embracing important influences on community pharmacists’, interns’ and students’ ethical reasoning and perceived current ethical dilemmas and challenges. Results Two major themes embraced participants’ ethical reasoning processes and conduct: (1) fundamental underpinning, from personal values and practice exposure, and (2) paradigm influenced, such as the changing healthcare landscape, expansion of roles, management of dilemmas, and competence. Increased frequency and complexity of ethical dilemmas related to role expansion. Rural pharmacists experienced unique ethical dilemmas in relation to practice isolation, privacy and confidentiality. Conclusion Changes in the community pharmacy practice environment has increasingly exposed pharmacists to more complex ethical dilemmas. Pharmacists practising in rural communities experience unique challenges. Structured and sound ethical reasoning skills are essential as pharmacists are faced with contemporary challenges