5 research outputs found
"Powwow means many things to many people" : eine Auseinandersetzung mit Fragen der kulturspezifischen Wissensvermittlung, Sinnkonstruktion und IdentitÀt
Als ich im Alter von etwa zehn Jahren das erste Mal in einem National GeographicMagazin auf die mir damals noch vollkommen unverstĂ€ndlich anmutende Ansammlung von Konsonanten und Vokalen des Begriffs "Powwow" stieĂ, ahnte ich nichts von ihrer Bedeutung fĂŒr mein zukĂŒnftiges Leben. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt war mir noch nicht einmal bewuĂt, daĂ diese einer mir damals noch unbekannten, tonangebenden Konvention entsprechend, nicht etwa, wie fĂŒr einen deutschen Leser zu vermuten wĂ€re, "POW - WOW", sondern eigentlich "PAU - WAU" ausgesprochen werden. Zudem konnte ich damals natĂŒrlich auch nicht ahnen, daĂ ich mich zwanzig Jahre spĂ€ter im Rahmen einer Dissertation mit der inhaltlichen Vielschichtigkeit dieses Begriffs auseinandersetzen wĂŒrde. Und so stellt diese Arbeit das vorlĂ€ufige Zwischenprodukt einer Sinnsuche dar, die damals eher beilĂ€ufig mit der Ăberlegung begann, ob nicht gar der "traditionell" gekleidete Indianer auf dem, eine Werbung fĂŒr Kanada als Immigrationsland illustrierenden Bild, mit den erlĂ€uternden Worten "Powwow in Thunder Bay", eben diesen Namen trĂ€gt. ..
Transforming Knowledge Orders: Museums, Collections and Exhibitions
The history of museums is closely connected not only with the history of collecting and collections, but also with the history of science and humanities. Collections and exhibitions reflect scientific theory and scholarly practice, and in turn shape them. Hence, museums transmit and disseminate, yet also produce knowledge. On the one hand, they visualise and stabilise orders of knowledge through assembling, classifying and fixing objects in exhibitions; on the other hand, new academic paradigms and political changes lead to rearrangements of facts and artefacts in museum storerooms and displays.
This volume brings together case studies from various historical and cultural contexts that illuminate such dynamics. Its point of departure is transcultural collections and exhibitions such as cabinets of curiosities and ethnographic collections, whose attempts to inventorise and display the world testify to the desire for, but also the difficulties in establishing and maintaining orders of knowledge. A particular focus is on transformative moments in the history of museums, in particular on the early 1900s, when science and technology museums were established, and on more recent times, which have seen the refurbishment of numerous art and ethnographic museums
boasblog papers. Thinking About the Archive & Provenance Research
In the debate about the colonial past of ethnographic museums in Western Europe, provenance research has emerged as a central method for researching colonial legacies and addressing museumsâ need for decolonisation. Researchers have started to investigate colonial era collections systematically to create a sound basis for dealing with these collections in the future. As a consequence, they are increasingly seen as archives in themselves. What has been lacking, however, is a debate about the theoretical implications of this approach â what are the implications of such an archival perspective and what kinds of knowledge can provenance research create? To find answers to this question, the authors of this volume engage with a range of materials â from the famous Benin Royal Collections to a seemingly insignificant Egyptian doll. They approach these materials sometimes on a theoretical, sometimes on a very practical level to offer their different visions of what a theoretically grounded provenance research may look like
Drawing on Museums: Early Visual Fieldnotes by Franz Boas and the Indigenous Recuperation of the Archive
Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study
Background Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (â„18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). Findings In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11â591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC â„0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683â0·717]). Interpretation In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. Funding British Journal of Surgery Society