Analisis Faktor-faktor Kesulitan Belajar Siswa yang Remedial pada Mata Pelajaran Ujian Nasional Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Tanah Putih

Observations and experiences during this teacher to know the average class VIII studentis always less than the value that has been set in the school(KKM), especially on subjects in the UN. based on that researchers try to do a sudy title and alysis of the factors that cause remedial students in the national examination subjects eighth grade students of SMP 3 Tanah Putih.This study aims 1.What factors cause learning difficulties from internal remedial students. 2. The causes of learning difficulties remedia lstudents from ekstern. metode used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative approach which aims to provide an overview of the factors that cause learning difficulties students. SMP study site is located on land putih. subjek 3 in this study were students of class VIII in the capture with satu rated sample technique. data and data collection tools in the form of a questionnaire was created by the researchers based on the lattice problem with alternative answers very of ten (SS), of ten(S), occasionally(KD), rarely(J), and never (TP). data analysis techniques using benchmarks persentase formula (Anas Sudiyono, 2001:40).Conclusion Theresultsof this study of internal students lack motivation of students (63.81%) students of emotional disorders (61.90%), the physical state of the students (65.27%). the external environment of students from families of (54.79%), in the school environment by (50.10%) and then from the aspect of teachers (58.54%). As a follow up of this study can researchers recommend that in terested parties can provide pasilitas student learning that can motivate students in the learning process. to parents supervise their children are expected to be more submarines are at home. so that the teacher can make a more attractive pembelajaran methods and creative

Antimicrobial activity of camel milk casein and its hydrolysates

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of camel caseins and their hydrolysates by gastrointestinal proteolytic enzymes against 3 Gram-positive and 2 Gram-negative bacterial strains. Camel caseins (CN) were hydrolysed by successive action of pepsin and pancreatin. Hydrolysis of CN was checked by electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography (GFC). Both techniques showed that CN was hydrolysed into peptides. Among the tested bacteria, a decrease of 19.3%±0.02 of E. coli XL1 blue cells growth was observed in the presence of undigested camel casein at a concentration of 20 mg ml−1. After successive hydrolyses by pepsin and pancreatin, camel milk casein hydrolysates still exhibited anti-bacterial activity against E. coli XL1 blue strain (19.73±0.01% growth inhibition under the same conditions). Gram-positive strain growth was not affected by intact camel CN, while, at the same concentration (20 mg ml–1), their hydrolysates slightly inhibited the growth of these bacteria. This suggests that antibacterial peptidic fragments of caseins were generated by pepsin and pancreatin

QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH HEART FAILURE: A NOVEL TWO QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY

Heart failure (HF) is a common disease with high health care costs and high mortality rate Knowledge of the health-related quality of life (QOL) outcomes of HF may guide decision making and be useful in assessing new therapies for population. Yet little is known about QOL of HF patients in Iran. Objectives: To assess health related QOL of patients with HF with two different instrument and to correlate these two measures and to assess the role of relevant factors. Analytic cross sectional study was conducted involving 230 adult patients hospitalized with HF, demographic data and health -related quality of life were determined by interview; for assessing of quality of life was used SF-36 and Minnesota questionnaires. Simple random sampling from ward patients list choose patients. Patients had no other man diseases that affected their quality of life. Results: 118 female (53.3%) and 112 male (48.7%) with mean age of 51.4 +/-13.18 were collected. 61 patients (26.5%) were smoker and 100 patients (43.5%) had positive familial hearth disease history. Quality of life in some subscale: Physical functioning, Role physical and vitality, and Minnesota scare affected from patients age. Male patients had better quality of life than female in Minnesota scale and physical functioning, body pain, general health, vitality and emotional well-being. Duration of diagnosis affected Minnesota scale and role physical. Positive familial heart disease history affected physical functioning. Iranian patients have worse quality of life than other patients. This shows patients age, sex, duration of diagnosis, smoking and positive familial hearth disease history affected quality of life in heart failure patients

"Risk factors in mortality after coronary artery bypass graft - Imam Hospital (1996-1999) "

Introduction: Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of mortality in developed countries. CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) is one of the therapeutic methods in ischemic heart disease. Methods and Materials: Considering the increased incidence of coronary artery disease in Iran, and with increased rate of CABG, we performed a cross sectioned study (1996-1999). In 635 patients 467 male (73.5 percent), 168 female (26.5 percent) about risk factors of mortality after CABG in cardiac surgery department "Imam Khomeini hospital. 20 risk factors were included in our study: age, gender, smoking, family history, diabetes mellitus, morbid obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, palpitation, renal failure COPD, (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), history of myocardial infarction, CHF, angina, cerebral vascular disease, pace maker, Ejection fraction<40 percent, history of PTCA, history of CPR, and coronary endarterectomy. Results: Cigarette smoking (P=0.40), CHF in female (P=0.003). Endarterectomy in both gender (P=0.0001). Pace maker in both gender (P=0.00006), palpitation in both gender (P=0.0001). CPR in both gender (P=0.0000001), were associated with increased risk of mortality after CABG. Conclusion: We found that, endarterctomy, cigarette smoking, CHF. Pace maker, CPR, and palpitation are important risk factors for mortality after CABG

Comparative Study of Lifestyle in Postmenopausal Women with Normal and Abnormal Bone Marrow Densitometries

Background & Objective: Osteoporosis is a serious public health concern known to have several etiologic factors. This study compared lifestyles among postmenopausal women with normal and abnormal bone marrow densitometries (BMD). Methods & Materials: In this case-control study, 81 postmenopausal women (33 cases with abnormal BMD and 48 control individuals with normal BMD) were selected using simple random sampling from Osteodensitometry center of Shariati hospital in Tehran. The BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck had been measured with DXA. The Lifestyle was assessed using a questionnaire containing items about taking calcium, vitamin D, hormones, and Alendronat, doing physical activity, consuming tea and cola, and smoking. Reproductive characteristics were also collected via a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using χ2 test and independent sample t-test. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and relevant 95% confidence intervals were calculated through logistic regression, using SPSS v.13. Results: The results showed significant differences between two groups in weight (P>0.001), BMI (P=0.022), number of pregnancies (P=0.002), number of children (P=0.004), duration of lactation (P=0.0002), dietary calcium intake (P≤0.001), and period of calcium supplement intake (P=0.002). The average of acquired scores of lifestyle factors in the case group was significantly lower than the control group (P=0.037). Inappropriate lifestyle had increased risk of the disease (OR=3.36, 95%, CI: 1.10-10.26). Meanwhile in the multivariate analysis, only insufficient intake of calcium was found to be a risk factor (P=0.002) for osteoporosis. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this study showed positive effect of calcium intake on bone mineral density

Detection of intracytoplasmic Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in patients with sepsis and severe sepsis

Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients throughout the world. The incidence is increasing despite the major advances in the development of antimicrobial agents and other supportive treatments. Based on multiple studies, it has been shown that patient outcome depends on Th1 and Th2 cytokine response. Moreover, whenever the Th2 response is predominant, the sepsis is more severe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between cytokine levels and the severity of sepsis in patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study on the cellular levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines was carried out in patients with sepsis and severe sepsis. The study included 37 patients (24 men and 13 women), 26 of them had sepsis and 11 had the severe form of sepsis Thirty-seven healthy volunteers served as controls. The average age of the patients was 57 years (±23.3 years), with a range of 21 to 92 years. From the whole blood of the subjects, we separated the monocytes and leukocytes, which were then cultured. Using an ELISA method, we measured levels of IFN- and IL-12 (associated with Th1), and IL-4 and IL-10 (associated with Th2) in the cultured cells with and without cell stimulation. Results: No correlation was found for IFN- production in the cells of patients with sepsis and severe sepsis, regardless of whether the patients had died or survived. However, IL-12 levels were significantly decreased in severe sepsis compared with those of sepsis patients (P=0.048). Furthermore, the cells of expired patients also had significantly decreased IL-12 levels compared with those of surviving patients (P=0.028). We also found that the levels of IFN-, IL-4, and IL-10 were decreased in patients compared with those of controls, which correlated to their production. However, there was no correlation for IL-12 production between the cells of the patients compared with those of the controls. There was also no correlation for cytokine production between men and women with sepsis and in adults compared with that of elderly patients (>55 years old). Conclusion: We have shown that the predominating T helper cell subset in patients with severe sepsis, as well as expired patients, is Th2. In conclusion, the correlation of Th1 cytokine production and progression of sepsis was demonstrated. Most probably IL-12 levels would be significantly lower in patients with severe sepsis and those who expired