ROMANIAN INVESTMENT POLICY ANALYSIS

Starting with the year 2009, the European Union, as well as the rest of the world, was affected by the economic and financial crisis, and one of the effects reflected in the decrease of foreign direct investment (FDI) projects and also in the reduction of their host locations. Creating a healthy economic environment, that should be efficient for any form of international investment , represents the nowadays challenge of all market economies. This paper concentrates on analyzing our countryâ€(tm)s attractiveness from the international investorâ€(tm)s point of view, it also focuses on the Romanian investment policy, its investment climate, as well as on identifying or valuating the strengths and opportunities offered by Romania. The advantages of the foreign direct investments are universally recognized and they basically include the expansion of the production capacity and income, job creation, technologically diffusion and economic development. Creating an appropriate economic environment, that is efficient for any form of international investments represents the nowadays challenge of all market economies. OECD member states experience, for example, outlines the advantages of a functional legal and normative climate, based on the principles of transparency and non discrimination, that are essential for attracting foreign investments. In the actual competition for attracting FDI, every state tries to offer as many incentives to the future foreign investors. The Romanian investment policy sets out incentives in a non-discriminatory and transparent way offering the investors the specific criteria. The Romanian business environment has improved significantly in recent years, driven in particular by EU accession. Major progress has been recorded in areas such as the fiscal environment, rule of law, the fight against corruption and property registration. When considering our country a possible location for the development of their businesses, the foreign investors are driven by the advantages offered for encouraging the FDI attraction, and so, they closely analize the following aspects and advantages: geographic and market related advantages, the Romanian resources (natural, material, human resources), economic, politic and social drivers and also international status, regarding the diplomatic bilateral agreements.Foreign direct investment (FDI), investment policy, incentives, attracting FDI, economic development, economic growth, investment climate

THE FREEDOMS OF MOVEMENT OF THE SINGLE MARKET

The European Single Market implies not only the free movement of goods and services, but also the free movement of production factors (the capital and the labor force).The liberalization of goods and services and of production factors movement has determined, on the short term, the appearance of some structural and specialization adjustment processes within the member countries, and on the long term a more efficient allocation of the production factors, an improvement of labor productivity and positive effects in the field of labor force employment. According to the neoclassical theory, the labor force migrates from regions with low wages and low profit rates, to regions having high wages and high profit rate. Thus, the production factors are used in a more productive way. According to this theory, the factors mobility contributes to the equalization of the wages and to a better factors allocation. Issues such as structural funds, persons' freedom of movement, convergence could be turned into advantages by any member state, and especially by a new member state. From an economic perspective, the causes of labor force mobility, as a production factor, are: the price differences (wage differences, profit rates differences, interest rates differences) - according to neoclassical theory; income difference, meaning saving excess or insufficiency for the capital, according to Keynes approach; differences in the level of economic development, determining unequal changes, according to the monetarists. Romania has become a European Union member at January, the 1st, 2007. The accession road has been a long one, full of challenges, issues, but also satisfactions. The 1st of January has not been the end of a process, but the beginning of a new period for Romania's present history. The author will try to emphasize the freedoms of movement of the Single Market. The humanitarian reasons also determine the migration of the population; these are the refugees, the asylum solicitors, the persons having temporary protection or persons accepted for other humanitarian reasons.Economic Integration, Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition, Labor Market Interactions, freedom, movement

THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS' SUSTAINABILITY AND THE EUROZONE ACCESSION CONVERGENCE CRITERIA

The main purpose of the balance of payments (BoP) is identified as representing the long term need of equilibrium and stability of the international payments and revenues. The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that influence the balance of payments of a certain country, by using a rigorous classification that reveals the complexity of these factors. Our conclusions are very relevant, especially for countries like Romania, because, in order to achieve the external equilibrium, it seems that every county must adopt a mix of internal economic policies, and although theoretically this can be realised, sometimes in practice it can prove to be impossible on account of inability or refusing to combine the appropriate economic policies.balance of payments, sustainability, Euro area, convergence criteria, foreign direct investments, portfolio investments, external operations

Proton Threshold States in the 22Na(p,gamma)23Mg Reaction and Astrophysical Implications

Proton threshold states in 23Mg are important for the astrophysically relevant proton capture reaction 22Na(p,gamma)23Mg. In the indirect determination of the resonance strength of the lowest states, which were not accessible by direct methods, some of the spin-parity assignments remained experimentally uncertain. We have investigated these states with Shell Model, Coulomb displacement, and Thomas-Ehrman shift calculations. From the comparison of calculated and observed properties we relate the lowest relevant resonance state at E=7643 keV to an excited 3/2+ state in accordance with a recent experimental determination by Jenkins et al.. From this we deduce significantly improved values for the 22Na(p,gamma)23Mg reaction rate at stellar temperatures below T_9=0.1K.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 6 table

Developmentally regulated expression of the BRI1 brassinosteroid receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important regulators of morphogenic events during plant development. The lack of active transport and well-characterized biosynthesis offer ideal conditions for studying the local and temporal effects of this hormone group. While recent studies have found clear coincidence between the sites of BR accumulation and organ differentiation, they have also provided evidence for developmental changes in hormone susceptibility. In order to investigate the role of the BR receptor BRI1 in the modulation of hormone sensitivity, we studied the time course and localization of BRI1 gene activity in Arabidopsis seedlings. To this end, we generated transgenic lines carrying BRI1 promoter-driven luciferase or GUS reporter genes and characterized the expression patterns of these chimeric genes. Our results showed increased BRI1 expression in dark grown seedlings, particularly in the elongation zone of the hypocotyl, and also at the sites of organ development in green seedlings. These data indicate that, in addition to local increases in the hormone level, the abundance of the receptor can also be instrumental in eliciting the BR response

Leadership in Organisations – Influences of Philosophical Practices and Social Responsibility

The paper aims to discuss how to improve the skills of a manager for the benefit of an organization and for society through its responsibility towards their members. The role of philosophical practice in the business environment, especially economic organizations that may be interested in improving performance leadership teams, where they can also call upon philosophical consultancy as a tool made available by new specialists trained in this field. An important role for leaders is social responsibility for increasing the reputation of the organization they represent. For the leaders, the philosophical counseling can be a solution for their organizations and society