Gestion des anémies à l’hôpital du jour d’hématologie et d’oncologie pédiatrique

L’anémie chez l’enfant est définie par une baisse de la concentration en hémoglobine et de l’érythropoiétique en comparaison avec les valeurs normales par rapport à l’âge.L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer l’incidence des anémies au niveau de l’hôpital du jour du service d’hématologie et d’oncologie pédiatrique (SHOP) au niveau du CHU Mohammed VI de Marrakech et delà analyserses caractéristiques clinique, thérapeutique et évolutives et de déterminer les modalités de gestion des anémies référées avant et après l’admission à l’hôpital du jour.Cette étude a porté sur une cohorte des patients admis à l’hôpital du jour du SHOP au niveau du CHU Mohammed VI de Marrakech sur une période de 3 mois, allant du 20 Mars au 20 Juin 2021.Pendant la période étudiée, 32 enfants ont été admis à l’hôpital du jour pour une anémie.Vingt enfants avec un pourcentage de 62% ayant une anémie ferriprive, 35% anémie hémolytique et 3% une leishmaniose

Paper-Based Colorimetric Detection of miRNA-21 Using Pre-Activated Nylon Membrane and Peroxidase-Mimetic Activity of Cysteamine-Capped Gold Nanoparticles

Irregular expression of MicroRNA-21 (miRNA-21) is considered as a promising biomarker for early cancer diagnosis. In this paper, a new genosensor based on paper and nanozyme activity of cysteamine-capped gold nanoparticles (Cys/AuNPs) was developed to detect picomolar concentrations of miRNA-21. Such nanozyme catalyzes the colorimetric reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 3,3′,5,5′ tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), to produce a blue color measurable by a smartphone. Due to their positive charge, Cys/AuNPs were attached to the negative phosphate groups of the DNA strand backbone via electrostatic interactions, leading to the quantitative determination of miRNA-21 concentration by the peroxidase-like activity of Cys/AuNPs. Furthermore, a paper-based assay was carried out on nylon disk devices to allow fast immobilization of DNAprobe. After performing the paper-based assay, a good linear range was observed between 1 pM and 1 nM (Y = 0.080 [MiRNA-21]/pM + 13.846, R2 = 0.993) with a detection limit of 0.5 pM. The developed method was effective, selective, and sensitive for the miRNA-21 detection. The application of the proposed method for miRNA-21 detection was examined in a human serum sample, and a recovery rate of 90.0–97.6% was obtained showing the acceptable accuracy of the developed approach

Development of an Innovative Colorimetric DNA Biosensor Based on Sugar Measurement

The development of biosensors for target detection plays a crucial role in advancing various fields of bioscience. This work presents the development of a genosensor that exploits the colorimetric phenol—sulfuric acid sugar reaction for the detection of DNA, and RNA as specific targets, and DNA intercalator molecules. The biosensor combines simplicity and reliability to create a novel bioassay for accurate and rapid analysis. A 96-well microplate based on a polystyrene polymer was used as the platform for an unmodified capture DNA immobilization via a silanization process and with (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). After that, a hybridization step was carried out to catch the target molecule, followed by adding phenol and sulfuric acid to quantify the amount of DNA or RNA sugar backbone. This reaction generated a yellow-orange color on the wells measured at 490 nm, which was proportional to the target concentration. Under the optimum conditions, a calibration curve was obtained for each target. The developed biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity, good selectivity, and linear response over a wide concentration range for DNA and RNA targets. Additionally, the biosensor was successfully employed for the detection of DNA intercalator agents that inhibited the hybridization of DNA complementary to the immobilized capture DNA. The developed biosensor offers a potential tool for sensitive and selective detection in various applications, including virus diagnosis, genetic analysis, pathogenic bacteria monitoring, and drug discovery

Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of MicroRNA as a Cancer Biomarker: Pros and Cons

Cancer is the second most fatal disease in the world and an early diagnosis is important for a successful treatment. Thus, it is necessary to develop fast, sensitive, simple, and inexpensive analytical tools for cancer biomarker detection. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an RNA cancer biomarker where the expression level in body fluid is strongly correlated to cancer. Various biosensors involving the detection of miRNA for cancer diagnosis were developed. The present review offers a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in electrochemical biosensor for miRNA cancer marker detection from 2015 to 2020. The review focuses on the approaches to direct miRNA detection based on the electrochemical signal. It includes a RedOx-labeled probe with different designs, RedOx DNA-intercalating agents, various kinds of RedOx catalysts used to produce a signal response, and finally a free RedOx indicator. Furthermore, the advantages and drawbacks of these approaches are highlighted

Clinical, biochemical and molecular characterization of Wilson's disease in Moroccan patients

Background: Wilson Disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene. WD is characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentations expressed by hepatic and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. The disease is difficult to diagnose, and misdiagnosed cases are commonly seen. Methods: In this study, the presented symptoms of WD, the biochemical parameters as well as its natural history are described based on cases collected in Mohammed VI Hospital University of Marrakech (Morocco). We screened and sequenced 21 exons of ATP7B gene from 12 WD patients that confirmed through biochemical diagnosis. Results: Mutational assessment of the ATP7B gene showed six homozygous mutations in 12 individuals however, 2 patients had no evidence of any mutation in promoter and exonic regions. All mutations are pathogenic and most were missense mutations. c.2507G > A (p.G836E), c.3694A > C (p.T1232P) and c.3310 T > C (p.C1104R) that were identified in 4 patients. The other mutations were a non-sense mutation (c.865C > T (p.C1104R)) detected in 2 patients, a splice mutation (c.51 + 4A > T) detected in 2 patients and a frameshift mutation (c.1746 dup (p.E583Rfs*25) detected in 2 patients. Conclusion: Our study is the first molecular analysis in Moroccan patients with Wilson's disease, the ATP7B mutational spectrum in the Moroccan population is diverse and still unexplored