Longitudinal changes in the prevalence of dental fear and anxiety in 9–12-year-old children in clinical setting in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction: Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is a ubiquitous entity among dental patients in terms of their prevalence and incidence. It is among the major clinical problems in dentistry. In addition, the differences in DFA prevalence were present considering the age and gender of patients and over time, but with some opposite reports. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of DFA presence in children concerning their age, gender, and over time. Methods: The survey sample comprised 200 of 9–12-year-old children. The DFA presence was determined twice by the modified version of the CFSS-DS scale (CFSS-DS-mod scale) during a 6-months long period between the first and the subsequent dental appointment due to the need for restorative dental treatment. The scale was applied before the restorative treatment started on both occasions. Results: The prevalence of DFA was 17.5% in the study sample and decreased over time. It was slightly higher in girls. Conclusions: The DFA prevalence in 9–12-year-old children is decreasing over time. Latent manifestations of DFA presence should be considered for evaluation in the future

The effect of immersion in beverages and dental bleaching agents on the surface roughness of resin composites

Introduction: Composite materials may be exposed to chemicals in food and beverages in the oral cavity, which can lead to changes in surface roughness. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness of two restorative materials after exposure to coffee and green tea followed by a dental bleaching procedure. Methods: For nanofilled composite and microhybrid composite, 15 samples each were fabricated. Five specimens from each composite were stored in instant coffee and green tea for 4 h a day. After 30 days of immersion, specimens received dental at-home bleaching, using 16% carbamide peroxide (CP), for 7 h a day. The control group was stored in deionized water for 30 days. Surface roughness was determined by profilometry 24 h after polymerization, after 30 days of immersion, and after bleaching. The data were analyzed using a t-test for paired samples and mixed analysis of variance, at a 0.05 significance level. Results: Neither beverages nor CP treatment significantly altered the surface roughness of the composites. There was no difference between the tested composite materials regarding roughness. Conclusion: Surface roughness of the microhybrid and nanohybrid composites was not modified by coffee, green tea, and subsequent whitening treatment

Prediktori dentalnoga straha i anksioznosti kod djece u dobi od 9 do 12 godina u Bosni i Hercegovini

Objectives: Oral health in children is additionally burdened with the presence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA). These clinical psychologic entities in their progressive stages inevitably lead to avoidance of dental appointments, which makes prevention and therapy of oral diseases more difficult. Upon the onset of DFA in general, as one of the emotional outcomes of stress in a dental office, most children patients could define the specific stressors that were most intense for them, which could predict the presence of DFA. Aim: To examine the predictors of DFA presence in 9-12 year-old children, and investigate how they could explain the DFA occurrence in study participants. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 200 children aged from 9 to 12 years. The DFA presence was determined by the modified version of the CFSS-DS scale. The child’s behavior in the dental office during the treatment was evaluated by the trained observer using Venham anxiety and behavior rating scales. Socioeconomic status, characteristics of dental office visits, and previous caries experience were also analyzed. Results: The main DFA predictors were related to invasive dental treatments, where the behavior during dental treatment was the most accurate expression of the DFA appearance. Conclusions: Invasive dental procedures are the main stressful factor for DFA occurrence. Predisposing factors could strengthen the DFA occurrence.Uvod: Oralno zdravlje djece dodatno opterećuju dentalni strah i anksioznost (DSA). Ti klinički psihološki entiteti u svojim progresivnim stadijima nužno završavaju izbjegavanjem stomatoloških pregleda, što otežava prevenciju i terapiju oralnih bolesti. U nastanku toga stanja općenito, kao jednoga od emocionalnih ishoda stresa u stomatološkoj ordinaciji, većina dječjih pacijenata mogla je definirati specifične stresore koji su za njih bili najintenzivniji, a na temelju njih mogla se predvidjeti prisutnost DSA-e.Cilj: Željelo se ispitati prediktore DSA-e kod djece u dobi od 9 do 12 godina kako bi se mogla objasniti ta pojava kod ispitanika u studiji. Materijal i metode: Uzorak se sastojao od 200 djece u dobi od 9 do 12 godina. Prisutnost DSA-e određena je prilagođenom verzijom ljestvice CFSS-DS. Ponašanje djeteta u stomatološkoj ordinaciji tijekom tretmana ocjenjivao je educirani promatrač s pomoću Venhamove ljestvice za ocjenu anksioznosti i ponašanja. Također su analizirani i socijalno-ekonomski status, obilježja posjeta stomatološkim ordinacijama te prethodno iskustvo s karijesom. Rezultati: Glavni prediktori DSA-e bili su povezani s invazivnim stomatološkim tretmanima pa je ponašanje tijekom stomatološkog tretmana bilo najprecizniji pokazatelj pojave DSA-e. Zaključci: Invazivni stomatološki zahvati glavni su stresni čimbenik za pojavu DSA-e. Predisponirajući čimbenici mogu pojačati tu pojav

Stabilnost boje dentalnih kompozita nakon uranjanja u napitke i postupaka izbjeljivanja

Objectives: The study aimed to compare the color stability of two different light-cured composites after immersion in three liquids and the effectiveness of 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) in removing the discoloration. Material and methods: Color stability of a microhybrid (Z250, 3M ESPE) and nanocomposite (Z550, 3M ESPE) was evaluated after immersion in instant coffee, tea, Coca-Cola, and deionized water as a control group (n=5). Samples were kept in liquids for four hours daily at 37°C for 30 days. Furthermore, 16% CP was applied for the following 14 days, simulating night whitening. A digital spectrophotometer was used for color measurement based on the CIEL*a*b* color coordinates. The color changes (∆E) were measured at baseline, after immersion in the beverages, and also after the teeth whitening procedure. Mixed and factorial ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s posthoc test were used for statistical evaluation (p≤0.05). Results: Tested resin composites showed a color change over the acceptability threshold (ΔE*> 3.48) after immersion in coffee and tea. Nanocomposite reported a significant increase in discoloration in coffee after 30 days (p 3,48) poslije uranjanja u kavu i čaj. Nanokompozit je znatno povećao promjenu boje u kavi poslije 30 dana (p < 0,05). Boja obaju materijala značajno se promijenila (p < 0,05) duž svih triju L*a*b* osi u kavi i čaju u tamniju, žutu i crvenu. Izbjeljivanje 16-postotnim CP-om bilo je učinkovito u uklanjanju vanjske diskoloracije u oba ispitivana kompozitna materijala. Zaključak: Kava i čaj prouzročili su klinički uočljive promjene boje u ispitanim dentalnim kompozitima s kumulativnim učincima. Izbjeljivanje je učinkovita metoda za uklanjanje diskoloracije s površine kompozitnih nadomjestaka

In vitro fluoride release from a different kind of conventional and resin modified glass-ionomer cements

Fluoride release is important characteristic of glass-ionomer cements. Quantity of fluoride ions released from the glass-ionomer cements has major importance in definition of their biological activity. The objectives of this study were to define the quantity of fluoride ions released from the experimental glass-ionomer cements and to define the effect of fluoride ions released from the experimental glass-ionomer cements on their cytotoxicity. Concentrations of the fluoride ions released in the evaluated glass-ionomer cements were measured indirectly, by the fluoride-selective WTW, F500 electrode potential, combined with reference R503/D electrode. Statistical analyses of F-ion concentrations released by all glass-ionomers evaluated at two time points, after 8 and after 24 hours, show statistically higher fluoride releases from RMGICs: Vitrebond, Fuji II LC and Fuji Plus, when compared to conventional glass-ionomer cements: Fuji Triage, Fuji IX GP Fast and Ketac Silver, both after 8 and after 24 hours. Correlation coefficient between concentrations of fluoride ion released by evaluated glass-ionomer cements and cytotoxic response of UMR-106 osteoblast cell-line are relatively high, but do not reach levels of biological significance. Correlation between concentrations of fluoride ion released and cytotoxic response of NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line after 8 hours is high, positive and statistically significant for conventional GICs, Fuji Triage and Fuji IX GP Fast, and RMGIC, Fuji II LC. Statistically significant Correlation coefficient between concentrations of fluoride ion released and cytotoxic response of NIH3T3 cell line after 24 hours is defined for RMGIC Fuji II LC only