Enhancement of mechanical properties for reinforced Iraqi bentonite clay polyvinyl chloride composite using ultrasonic technique

This research is depended an accurate style in preparing homogenous solution of PVC- Iraqi Bentonite clay composite adoption of careful balance mechanism in the selection of the ratio of solvent and mixing time according to the speed of mixing 450 rpm . Particle sizes selected for Bentonite clay is <75 & <150µm and the calcination process was performed at 300, 700, and 900oC for 2hr. The Bentonite particles were mixed with known concentration of PVA solution at 80oC for half an hour, then dried, milled, and sieved for particle sizes as mention above. Mixture of PVC solution with reinforced Bentonite clay is used to prepare the composite under study. Effect of mentioned parameters on mechanical properties of PVC were performed by ultrasonic technique using frequency of 30 KHz. Addition of reinforced Bentonite generally enhanced the mechanical properties of PVC. Evidently the composite prepared from reinforced powder <75µm is a good medium for transfer ultrasound waves particularly at calcination temperature 300oC, that is mean it has a good stability against mechanical waves, so they can be used as a coated material for objects that we don’t want them to be detected by sonar, while in the case of particles <150?m is not. Failure to obtain the same result at temperatures higher than 300oC and the granular size <150µm due to the presence strong intermolecular interaction that is responsible for reducing the elasticity of composite , in other words, leave it semi-brittle, i.e. not have good stability. Highest enhancement in the absorption coefficient appears at 900oC with preference to the specimen of particles <150?m,and the composite becomes good absorber for ultrasound. Moreover the addition causing a reduction in compressibility, thus there is a small strain in the composite as a result of ultrasonic stress. Keywords: PVC composite, Bentonite clay, Ultrasonic techniqu

Enhancement Mechanical Properties of Some Cosmetics and Their Effect on Human Skin by Ultrasonic Technique

Some physical properties were  studied such as density, velocity, absorption coefficient, relaxation amplitude, compressibility, modulus of elasticity, and acoustic Impedance for four types of cosmetics available locally before  and after added polymer CMC for these cosmetics the results show that the addition of CMC polymer led to improve these properties, except compressibility decreased due to the addition of polymer, so we can deduce that the addition of polymer leads to improve the characteristics of cosmetics practically . Keywords: Carboxy methyl cellulose; Cosmetics; Mechanical properties; Ultrasound technique

Enhancement the mechanical properties of a product porcelain by a ceramic additives using ultrasonic technique

This investigation is concerned on the influence of addition ZnO , ZrO2 ,TiO2 on the mechanical properties of a porcelain body. Porcelain body is prepared from Iraqi clays (Kaolin Duekhla & Ardhma sand glass), and Feldspar Potash with different weight percent (40% Kaolin, 30% sand glass Ardhma, and 30% Feldspar Potash) , and granular sizes less than (100µm Kaolin, and 50µm for each of  sand glass and feldspar). A prepared disk sample of 27mm in diameter was formed by compaction 75 Mpa for 5 min. The circumstances of heat treatment is 1300oC for 2hr and an elevation speed of 2 oC/min. Effect of the proportion added on mechanical properties of PVC were performed by ultrasonic technique using frequency of 30 KHz. Experimentally, it was found that the adding 2% ZnO + 1% TiO2 made composite good medium for transferring ultrasound waves, so they can be used as a coated material for objects that we don’t want them to be detected by sonar. Adding 1% ZrO2 +2% TiO2 enhances the absorption coefficient of porcelain and the composite becomes good absorber for ultrasound. Adding 2%ZrO2 +2%TiO2 made composite not good medium for transferring ultrasound waves , and adding 1%ZnO enhances the compressibility because it has the heights value and ZnO molecules fills the vacancies of porcelain chains. Keywords: porcelain bodies, kaolin clay, ultrasonic waves

Preparation of PVC composite using reinforced Iraqi Bentoniet clay as a filler & study their mechanical and thermal properties

In this study , Iraqi Bentonite clay was used as a filler for polyvinyl chloride polymer. Bentonite clay was prepared as a powder for some certain particle size ,followed by calcinations process at (300,700,900) OC ,then milled and sieved. The selected sizes were D ~75 µm and D ~150. After that polyvinyl Al-Cohool solution prepared and used as a coated layer covered the Bentonite powder before applied as a filler ,followed by drying , milling and sieving for limited recommend sizes. polyvinyl chloride solutions were prepared and adding of modified Bentonite power at certain quantities were followed .Sheet of these variables on the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared reinforced particular polyvinyl chloride composite Experimentally, it was found that the composite prepared by adding modified Iraqi Bentonite powder , that calcined at 700 oC as a filler have an advantage in heating insulator properties by 30 from that found for PVC as it is ,and the value of stress strength exceed by three times as that for original value

Enhancement Mechanical Properties of Carboxymethyle Cellulose by Adding Polyacrylamide using Ultrasonic Technique

The CMC/PAAM composite membranes were prepared by casting method, the appropriate weight of CMC was variable (0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 and 0.6 gm) and dissolved in (25ml) of distilled water under stirring and heat (70?C) for (40 min.) then add the PAAM with different weights (0.05, 0.1  gm) for each CMC weight. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of CMC/PAAM composite the ultrasonic measurements were performed at the samples , these properties are ultrasonic velocity, compressibility, acoustic impedance and bulk modulus, were made at fixed frequency (f =25 KHz), another acoustic mechanical properties were measured and calculated at a same time such as the ultrasonic wave amplitude absorption by composite were measured using oscilloscope ,then we calculated absorption coefficient and the transmittance ratio of the sound. It was found that there is significant relationship between ultrasonic velocity and material properties also results show that adding PAAM effects on the density then on the absorption of the ultrasonic waves inside the composites samples. Keywords: Carboxymethyle cellulose, Polyacrylamide , Mechanical properties, ultrasound technique