Organizing the Phenomenon of Distance Education in the Field of Architecture

Architecture includes a wide range of courses from only theoretical courses to only practical ones. Applying distance education for transferring the learning from teacher to student requires deliberation and exact programming. In this research, we have compared the level of learning of students in traditional education system with that of the students in distance education system in architecture field. For this purpose, students a course arbitrary choose traditional or distance education system for given course materials. Selection of studied course materials among specialized ones considering the level of action of its presentation will be illustrated in the text. This study is a semi-experimental research. The population which has been studied includes the students of architecture in associate and bachelor level program of the University of Mohaggeg in Ardebil during the academic years of 2007-8 and 2006-7.  The collected data is the result of the qualitative –quantitative assessment of these students in their academic courses and comparison of their level of learning with one another. The result of this research focuses on the success of distance education system in theory vs. the relative lack of success in practical courses. These conditions, different plan for practical courses in distance education system takes

Histopathologic effects of formaldehyde exposure on rat kidney

AbstractBackground and purpose: Formaldehyde is a chemical traditionally used for fixing the cadaver. It is vaporized during dissection and practical studying on cadaver. Studies show that this vapour can cause some clinical sympotms such as throat, eye, skin and nasal irritation.This study was designed to determine the histopathological changes of rat kidney tissue exposed to formaldehyde for 18 weeks.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 28, 6-7 weeks postnatal albino Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 3 case groups (E1: 4hrs/d, 4d/w; E2: 2hrs/d, 4d/w; E3: 2hrs/d, 2d/w) and one control group (C). The kidney specimens were sectioned and stained with H&E technique for histopathological study.Results: In all histopathology sections of groups E1, E2 and E3, the following similar changes were observed: Mild congestion in the glumeroles, focal congestion and vacuolar (hydropic) degeneration of tubular cells only mild non-specific congestion in renal vessels. There were no evidences of fibrotic change or inflammatory cells infiltration among interstitial tissue. Also there were no abnormalities in the staining of nucleus and cytoplasm. In Control group (C), no histopathologic changes were observed.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that formaldehyde vapour with a concentrations used in our study, can not induce histopathologic changes which could be detectable by light microscope. Also, there is no direct relationship between the duration of exposure to formaldehyde vapour and the intensity of histopathologic changes in the kidney