Investigations of sample affect to scale findings in social researches

Tarama modeline göre yürütülen bu araştırmada sosyal bilimlerde sıklıkla kullanılan ölçek bulgularına örneklemin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla farklı araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş üç ayrı ölçek yükseköğretim kurumlarından mezun 226 kişiye uygulanarak bulgular karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde ölçekler arası korelasyon değerlerinin yüksek, Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayılarının kabul edilebilir sınırlar içinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna karsın cinsiyet ve mezun olunan yükseköğretim kurumu açısından yapılan karşılaştırmalarda birbirinden oldukça farklı sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Bu bulgulara örneklemin etkisinin olup olmadığı araştırılmış, ölçek bulgularının örneklemden etkilendiği yönünde güçlü kanıtlara ulaşılamamıştır. Buna karsın tutum gibi zaman içinde değişebilen özelliklerin ölçülmesinde kullanılacak araçların veri toplama sürecinden önce yeniden gözden geçirilmesi gerektiği görülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına dayalı olarak araştırmacılara ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında sadece açımlayıcı faktör analizi ile yetinmeyip doğrulayıcı faktör analizini de yapmaları önerilmektedir

Electrokinetic properties of kaolins belong to Eskişehir-Mihalıçcık

Bu çalışmada, Eskişehir-Mihalıçcık ilçesi Ahırözü ve Üçbaşlı köylerindeki kil yataklarından temin edilen kaolen numuneleri karakterize edilerek, su içerisinde elektrokinetik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, her iki kaolen numunesinin de pH’ya, tek, çift ve üç değerlikli elektrolit türüne ve bu elektrolitlerin konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak zeta potansiyel (ZP) ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ahırözü kaoleninin sıfır yük noktası ~pH 4,2 iken, Üçbaşlı kaoleninin sıfır yük noktası ~pH 3,2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışılan 2-11 pH aralığında Üçbaşlı kaoleninin, Ahırözü kaolenine göre daha negatif yüke sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu farklılık kaolen numunelerinin mineralojik ve kimyasal bakımdan farklılığından kaynaklanmaktadır. Ancak her iki yörenin kaoleni de, farklı elektrolitler varlığında benzer yük davranışı sergilemiştir. NaCl ve KCl gibi tek değerlikli elektrolitler kaolenlerin zeta potansiyelini negatif yönde artırırken, bunun aksine iki (CaCl 2 ve MgCl 2 ) ve üç (Al(NO 3 ) ) değerlikli elektrolitler zeta potansiyeli (mutlak değer olarak) azaltmıştır. Kaolenlerin yüzey işaretinin negatiften pozitife dönüşebilmesi ise ancak Al(NO 3 ) 3 varlığında Al +3 3 gibi +3 değerlikli katyonların kaolen tabaka kenar yüzeylerine spesifik adsorplanmasıyla mümkün olabilmiştir.In this study, two kaolin samples collected from clay deposits in the villages Ahırözü and Üçbaşlı of Mihalıçcık (Eskişehir) have been characterized and their electrokinetic properties in water were investigated. In this scope, zeta potential measurements have been performed to determine the effect of pH, mono-, di- and trivalent electrolyte type and concentrations of these electrolytes on the zeta potential of the two kaolin samples. Isoelectric point of Ahırözü kaolin was determined as ~pH 4.2, while that of Üçbaşlı kaolin was determined as ~pH 3.2. Üçbaşlı kaolin has a more negatively charged surface than Ahırözü kaolin in the pH range of 2-11. This difference probably results from the differences in their mineralogical and chemical contents. However, both of the two kaolin samples showed the similar surface charge behavior against mono-, di- and trivalent electrolytes. Monovalent electrolytes such as NaCl and KCl make the ZP of the kaolins more negative, whereas divalent (CaCl2 and MgCl2) and trivalent (Al(NO3)3 ) electrolytes decreases the ZP as its absolute value. Change in the surface sign of the kaolins from negative to the positive is only possible in the presence of trivalent electrolytes (Al-nitrate) due to specific adsorption of Al3+ cations on the edge surface of the kaolin layers.Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu / 04106

Frequency of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism in Turkish acute stroke patients

This study was performed in acute stroke patients in the Turkish population to determine the frequency of the A1166C polymorphism in the AT1 gene and to examine the role of this polymorphism in acute stroke development. In this study, 257 genomic DNA samples were analysed (from 206 acute stroke patients and 51 healthy individuals). Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral blood using the salt-extraction method. The presence of the A1166C polymorphism in the AT1 gene was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. PCR products were separated by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. In this study, the allele frequency at the A1166C position was 92% A and 8% C for control and 97% A and 3% C for patients. This difference in allele frequency between the control group and the patient group was not statistically significant. However, genotype and allele frequencies showed a significant difference (P<0.001) in the control and the patient groups. The results of this study show no relationship between the A1166C polymorphism in the AT1 gene and acute stroke in the Turkish population

Outcomes of elective liver surgery worldwide: a global, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study

Background: The outcomes of liver surgery worldwide remain unknown. The true population-based outcomes are likely different to those vastly reported that reflect the activity of highly specialized academic centers. The aim of this study was to measure the true worldwide practice of liver surgery and associated outcomes by recruiting from centers across the globe. The geographic distribution of liver surgery activity and complexity was also evaluated to further understand variations in outcomes. Methods: LiverGroup.org was an international, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study following the Global Surgery Collaborative Snapshot Research approach with a 3-month prospective, consecutive patient enrollment within January–December 2019. Each patient was followed up for 90 days postoperatively. All patients undergoing liver surgery at their respective centers were eligible for study inclusion. Basic demographics, patient and operation characteristics were collected. Morbidity was recorded according to the Clavien–Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications. Country-based and hospital-based data were collected, including the Human Development Index (HDI). (NCT03768141). Results: A total of 2159 patients were included from six continents. Surgery was performed for cancer in 1785 (83%) patients. Of all patients, 912 (42%) experienced a postoperative complication of any severity, while the major complication rate was 16% (341/2159). The overall 90-day mortality rate after liver surgery was 3.8% (82/2,159). The overall failure to rescue rate was 11% (82/ 722) ranging from 5 to 35% among the higher and lower HDI groups, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first to our knowledge global surgery study specifically designed and conducted for specialized liver surgery. The authors identified failure to rescue as a significant potentially modifiable factor for mortality after liver surgery, mostly related to lower Human Development Index countries. Members of the LiverGroup.org network could now work together to develop quality improvement collaboratives

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake