Using motivation, volition, and performance model to overcome online procrastination

The profound effects of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have altered and contributed to many domains of our lives. Education, especially online distance education, is at the forefront of these domains. The number of learners in online distance education stream has been growing steadily. The number of courses that are given through online distance education is also increasing in the same way. Even though ICTs have made significant contributions to the facilitation of the educational routines, it is still vague if these efforts help online learners to overcome all motivational problems such as academic procrastination

Using motivation, volition, and performance model to overcome online procrastination

The profound effects of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have altered and contributed to many domains of our lives. Education, especially online distance education, is at the forefront of these domains. The number of learners in online distance education stream has been growing steadily. The number of courses that are given through online distance education is also increasing in the same way. Even though ICTs have made significant contributions to the facilitation of the educational routines, it is still vague if these efforts help online learners to overcome all motivational problems such as academic procrastination

Bisiklet Ulaşımı Planlaması Bilecik Örneği

Bu çalışmada, dünyada önemli bir ulaşım türü olarak kabul edilen bisiklet ulaşımının Türkiye’deki planlama sürecini, uygulama şartlarını Bilecik örneğinde açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada ilk olarak, Türkiye’de bisiklet planları ya da ulaşım planları içinde bisikletle ilgili düzenleme önerileri araştırılmıştır. Türkiye’de bisiklet planları ya da ulaşım planları içerisinde bisiklet için ayrılmış özel bölümler son derece az ve kısıtlıdır. Bununla birlikte bisiklet ulaşımının diğer alternatif ulaşım türleri arasındaki yerine değinilmiş, Türkiye’deki ve dünyadaki çeşitli uygulamalar incelenmiş ve diğer ulaşım türlerini tamamlayıcı yönleri belirtilmiştir. Çalışmada Bilecik’te ulaşım planları içinde bisiklet kullanımının yaygınlığı araştırılmış ve yapılması planlanan yatırımlar ve çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Bilecik kent merkezinde bisiklet kullanımına etki eden faktörler araştırılmıştır. Çalışma alanı olarak kent merkezinde zor bir topografyanın olması bisiklet kullanımını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra kent merkezi ile mesire alanları ve üniversite yerleşkesinin şehir dışında olması bisiklet kullanımı için önemli bir gereksinim ortaya koymuştur.  Çalışmada, kentsel ulaşım planında bisiklet ulaşımı ile ilgili alınması gereken kararlara planlamada nelere dikkat edilmesi gerektiği ortaya koyulmuştur. Araştırmanın hedefi, özellikle çağdaş ulaştırma politikalarının bir parçası olan bisiklet kullanımının artırılmasına yönelik engellerin belirlenmesi, bunu ortadan kaldıracak önerilerin ortaya konmasıdı

VISUAL AND AUDITORY REACTION TIME OF MENTALLY RETARDED SUBJECTS: EFFECT OF GENDER

The aim of the present study was investigate to effect of gender on visual and auditory reaction time of mentally retarded individuals. For this purpose, seventy four subjects (male=40, female=34) participated in the study. Subjects have different mental disability level (mild=29, moderate=28, severe=17). All of the measurements performed at the same time of day (14:00-19:00). Computerized reaction time tests were applied for visual reaction time (VRT) and auditory reaction time (ART) measurements. The website www.humanbenchmark.com has been used to determine the visual reaction time. The website www.cognitivefun.net has been used for the measurement of auditory reaction time. In both tests, the reaction time was measured 5 times and the average was recorded in milliseconds. Mann-Whitney U test were performed in the analysis of the data. Auditory and visual reaction time parameters show significant difference between male and female (p<0.05). Auditory and visual reaction time parameters showed significant difference between male and female within all disability levels (p<0.05). In conclusion, it can be said that reaction time shows difference between genders in mentally retarded persons like normal. Female disable persons perform slower reaction than male persons. The gender factor affect reaction sourced cerebrum, while they have mental retardation.  Article visualizations

Yapılandırılmış ve yapılandırılmamış öğrenme süreçlerinde blokzinciri teknolojisi

Blockchain technology can be defined as a ledger based on distributed, online technologies. With the opportunities this technology offers; It can also be described as a new generation, global, decentralized infrastructure system or mechanism. In the context of this study, the use of blockchain technology in formal and informal learning processes and the opportunities and limitations that arise with blockchain technology are discussed. For this purpose, the findings obtained by reviewing the literature were synthesized. Blockchain technology, according to research findings, can be considered as an infrastructure technology with significant potential to safely record unstructured learning experiences that occur in online, distributed, multi-layered and heterogeneous learning environments. This creates a possible scenario that allows for quality assurance and accreditation not only in terms of recording these experiences, but also in linking learning experiences in structured and unstructured environments. In other words, blockchain is thought to be a technology that can eliminate the boundaries between structured and unstructured learning experiences and act as a bridge between relevant learning experiences. When evaluated in the context of this thought, it seems possible to record and document lifelong learning experiences from structured learning to unstructured learning with an inclusive and holistic perspective

Çelik Lif Katkılı Beton Yol Kaplamalarının Özellikleri

Beton yol teknolojilerinde lif katkılarının kullanılması birçok araştırmanın konusu olmuştur. Çelik liflerle donatılmış betonun zayıf olan özelliklerini güçlendirerek, tokluk, darbe, kavitasyon ve ilk çatlak dayanımlarında önemli artışlar sağlamaktadır. Çelik lif katkılı beton kaplamalar normal kaplamalara göre ekonomik oluşu, kolay işlenebilirliği ve teknik avantajlarından dolayı, günümüzde, yol ve köprü kaplamalarında da uygulama alanı bulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, çelik tel donatılı betonların (ÇTDB) özellikleri, uygulama alanları ve dizayn kriterleri anlatılmakta hazırlanan referans beton yol kaplamasının özelliklerinden bahsedilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda TS 802 beton karışım hesaplarına ve TS 10515 çelik tel katkılı beton kaplama tasarımına göre Beton serilerinin üretiminde, en büyük tane çapı 22 mm olan 3 farklı agrega grubu kullanılmıştır. Çimento dozajı 390 kg/m3, su/çimento oranı 0.45 ve 0.53  olarak  2 farklı karışım hazırlanmıştır. Karışımlarda iki farklı karışım dizaynına ve su/çimento oranına göre  (kontrol) numunesi, 15, 30 kg/m3 olarak 3 farklı lif içeriğinde olmak üzere toplam 6 farklı seri beton kaplama dizayn numunesi üretilmiştir. Hazırlanan bu karışımlara taze beton deneyleri ve sertleşmiş beton deneyleri yapılarak karşılaştırmaları sunulmuştur

30 Years of Gender Inequality and Implications on Curriculum Design in Open and Distance Learning

Gender inequality is a pressing issue on a global scale, yet studies on this important issue have stayed on the margins of open and distance learning (ODL) literature. In this study, we critically analyse a batch of ODL literature that is focused on gender inequality in post-secondary and higher education contexts. We use Therborn’s social justice framework to inform and guide the study. This is a comprehensive social justice lens that sees inequality as “a life and death issue,” approaching empowerment as a central area of concern. Qualitative content analysis of 30 years of peer-reviewed literature reveals patriarchy and androcentrism as significant mechanisms that continue to produce gender inequality, in particular in women’s access to educational resources and formal learning opportunities. We highlight three themes that emerged in the content analysis: (1) ODL and equal opportunity; (2) Feminism and gender-sensitive curriculum design; and (3) Culturally relevant curriculum design. We critique views of access to technology-enabled education as an instrument for social justice, and provide a pedagogical model for an ODL curriculum centred on empowerment and agency, two concepts closely linked to existential inequality. We argue that such a curriculum is public service and requires a model of education that is based on participation and co-construction, and lies at the intersection of critical, feminist, and culturally relevant pedagogical practices

A rare entity bilateral first rib fractures accompanying bilateral scapular fractures

First rib fractures are scarce due to their well-protected anatomic locations. Bilateral first rib fractures accompanying bilateral scapular fractures are very rare, although they may be together with scapular and clavicular fractures. According to our knowledge, no case of bilateral first rib fractures accompanying bilateral scapular fractures has been reported, so we herein discussed the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of bone fractures due to thoracic trauma in bias of this rare entity

Açıköğretim ile Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Hikayeleri

Words gain meaning when they come together, and stories are among the most effective tools for conveying these meanings within a context. Throughout history, we use stories to transfer the knowledge and experiences we've gained from one generation to another. They are frequently used to express our emotions and what we're feeling. Stories are often an outward expression of the fears and hopes that reside in our subconscious. In this context, we used stories, one of the most effective tools for conveying the realities in our lives, to listen to learners continuing their lifelong learning journey in the Open Education System, to heed their voice, to become their voice, and even to better understand the Open Education System through their eyes in the contexts they create. Almost all the stories we've addressed within this study collectively convey a single message with one voice: "Transforming dreams into reality" or "Completing unfinished dreams thanks to the Open Education System". The heroes of these stories are those who embarked on the Open Education journey to realize their dreams. Another message that the stories in this book convey to us is that the lifelong learning journey never ends and it's never too late to embark on this journey. Also, the stories featured in this book show that the main obstacles are within us, besides external obstacles; if we don't remove the obstacles in our inner world, we won't be able to intervene in the obstacles in the outer world. These obstacles can sometimes be our loved ones, the people closest to us, or even our endeavors. However, what's important is to overcome these obstacles and make the determined decision to embark on this journey to realize ourselves. The aim of this study, beyond generalizing or reaching a conclusion, is to present these stories to you firsthand, expecting you to understand both the Open Education System and the lifelong learners, the reason for this system's existence, and also to make your own interpretations by reading these stories. Another aim is to lay out the widespread effect of Open Education activities on society, in terms of the added value created by the Open Education System; in other words, the contributions it makes to the national economy, social welfare, and knowledge accumulation. Although the Open Education System is a massive system reaching millions, touching even one person's life among millions is an important gain for the Open Education System. The Open Education System is a system that aims to make education more democratic, to provide social equality and justice, and to liberate knowledge by taking openness philosophy at its core. Ultimately, what truly matters is not just the knowledge you have gained and the diplomas you have received, but how much you have realized yourself and how much you have liberated yourself with the unbearable lightness of learning

The effects of pregnancy on the sexual life of Turkish women

Aim: To investigate the effects of pregnancy on the sexual life of Turkish women Materials and Methods: One thousand twenty six pregnant women were included in the study. The Libido Scoring System, which is a questionnaire consisting of four questions about the frequency of intercourse, the partner initiating the intercourse, orgasm and masturbation status of the pregnant women, was completed by all patients. Both pre-pregnancy and pregnancy sexuality was evaluated independently using this scale. Results: The frequency of sexual intercourse during pregnancy significantly decreased from 3.07/week to 2.40/week (p<0.05). The masturbation rate during pregnancy was significantly lower than the pre-pregnancy period (3.6% vs 4.9 %, p<0.001). The percentage of pregnant women who never had an orgasm was significantly higher compared to the pre-pregnant period (21.7 % vs 10.8 %, p<0.01). The rates of initiation of sexual intercourse in the pre-pregnancy period by men and by women were 94.5% (970/1026) and 5.3% (54/1026) respectively. In pregnancy period the rates of initiation of sexual intercourse by man and woman were 93.4% (904/968) and 6.6% (64/968) respectively (p=0.0001). The mean libido scores during pregnancy were statistically lower than the pre-pregnancy period (6.38±0.04 vs 7.31±0.04, p<0.001). Conclusion: Pregnancy has a negative effect on the sexual life of women, but more prospective studies are required to clarify the mechanisms