24,194 research outputs found
A Parsing Scheme for Finding the Design Pattern and Reducing the Development Cost of Reusable Object Oriented Software
Because of the importance of object oriented methodologies, the research in
developing new measure for object oriented system development is getting
increased focus. The most of the metrics need to find the interactions between
the objects and modules for developing necessary metric and an influential
software measure that is attracting the software developers, designers and
researchers. In this paper a new interactions are defined for object oriented
system. Using these interactions, a parser is developed to analyze the existing
architecture of the software. Within the design model, it is necessary for
design classes to collaborate with one another. However, collaboration should
be kept to an acceptable minimum i.e. better designing practice will introduce
low coupling. If a design model is highly coupled, the system is difficult to
implement, to test and to maintain overtime. In case of enhancing software, we
need to introduce or remove module and in that case coupling is the most
important factor to be considered because unnecessary coupling may make the
system unstable and may cause reduction in the system's performance. So
coupling is thought to be a desirable goal in software construction, leading to
better values for external software qualities such as maintainability,
reusability and so on. To test this hypothesis, a good measure of class
coupling is needed. In this paper, based on the developed tool called Design
Analyzer we propose a methodology to reuse an existing system with the
objective of enhancing an existing Object oriented system keeping the coupling
as low as possible.Comment: 15 page
Oscillation-based Test Method for Continuous-time OTA-C Filters
“This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder." “Copyright IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.”Design for testability technique using oscillation-based test topology for KHN OTA-C filters is proposed. The oscillation-based test structure is a vectorless output test strategy easily extendable to built-in self-test. During test mode, the filter under test is converted into an oscillator by establishing the oscillation condition in its transfer function. The oscillator frequency can be measured using digital circuitry and deviations from the cut-off frequency indicate the faulty behaviour of the filter. The proposed method is suitable for both catastrophic and parametric fault diagnosis as well as effective in detecting single and multiple faults. The validity of the proposed method has been verified using comparison between faulty and fault-free simulation results of KHN OTA-C filter. Simulation results in 0.25mum CMOS technology show that the proposed oscillation-based test strategy has 84% fault coverage and with a minimum number of extra components, requires a negligible area overhead.Final Published versio
Oscillation-Based Test Structure and Method for OTA-C Filters
“This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder." “Copyright IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.”This paper describes a design for testability technique for operational transconductance amplifier and capacitor filters using an oscillation-based test topology. The oscillation-based test structure is a vectorless output test strategy easily extendable to built-in self-test. The proposed methodology converts filter under test into a quadrature oscillator using very simple techniques and measures the output frequency. The oscillation frequency may be considered as a digital signal and it can be evaluated using digital circuitry therefore the test time is very small. These characteristics imply that the proposed method is very suitable for catastrophic and parametric faults testing and also effective in detecting single and multiple faults. The validity of the proposed method has been verified using comparison between faulty and fault-free simulation results of two integrator loop and Tow-Thomas filters. Simulation results in 0.25 mum CMOS technology show that the proposed oscillation-based test strategy for OTA-C filters has 87% fault coverage and with a minimum number of extra components, requires a negligible area overhead
Conceptual Framework for Growth Triangles
In recent years, while the significance of regional trade and trading blocs within Asia region (AFTA, APEC, ASEAN, SAARC, EAEC, etc.) has gained considerable interest among the policy-makers and researchers alike, tangible accomplishments, in terms of enhanced economic cooperation and trade liberalisation among the trading blocs, are still muted [Thant et al. (1998), p. 23]. Several reasons and problems have been cited for the limited success of these formal trading blocs, particularly in the Asia region, namely: (a) shortage of large volumes of internal and inter-regional trade; (b) absence of complimentary laws and regulations among the trading blocs in managing trade and investment flows; (c) inadequate transport and communication facilities and the lack of geographic proximity among many member countries; (d) presence of income disparities among several member countries may have negative effect on income distribution at the time of adjustments in trade flow; and (e) lack of political commitments and policy coordination among member countries. However, since the late 1980s, a new innovative genre of regional economic cooperation, bridging the differences between regional blocs and international trade, began to surface in the Asia region, which are now commonly known as “growth triangles” or, more appropriately, “growth zones” and they were also considered to be devoid of some of the predicaments noted above for regional trading blocs.
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