4,377 research outputs found
Beyond the random phase approximation: Stimulated Brillouin backscatter for finite laser coherence times
We develop a statistical theory of stimulated Brillouin backscatter (BSBS) of
a spatially and temporally partially incoherent laser beam for laser fusion
relevant plasma. We find a new collective regime of BSBS (CBSBS) with intensity
threshold controlled by diffraction, an insensitive function of the laser
coherence time, , once light travel time during exceeds a laser
speckle length. The BSBS spatial gain rate is approximately the sum of that due
to CBSBS, and a part which is independent of diffraction and varies linearly
with . We find that the bandwidth of KrF-laser-based fusion systems would
be large enough to allow additional suppression of BSBS.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1105.209
Langmuir wave filamentation instability
A Langmuir wave (LW) model is constructed whose equilibria are consistent
with stimulated Raman scatter optimization, with Hamiltonian dynamics and with
rotational invariance. Linear instability analysis includes terms to all orders
in wave amplitude and fluctuation wavenumber expansions, deltak. Resultant LW
modulational instability is nonstandard: as the LW amplitude increases,
unstable deltak range first expands and then shrinks to zero. Large amplitude
wave model dynamics requires hyper-diffraction terms if k LambdaD < 0.45, lest
artificially small length scales become unstable
Vlasov simulation in multiple spatial dimensions
A long-standing challenge encountered in modeling plasma dynamics is
achieving practical Vlasov equation simulation in multiple spatial dimensions
over large length and time scales. While direct multi-dimension Vlasov
simulation methods using adaptive mesh methods [J. W. Banks et al., Physics of
Plasmas 18, no. 5 (2011): 052102; B. I. Cohen et al., November 10, 2010,
http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2010.DPP.NP9.142] have recently shown
promising results, in this paper we present an alternative, the Vlasov Multi
Dimensional (VMD) model, that is specifically designed to take advantage of
solution properties in regimes when plasma waves are confined to a narrow cone,
as may be the case for stimulated Raman scatter in large optic f# laser beams.
Perpendicular grid spacing large compared to a Debye length is then possible
without instability, enabling an order 10 decrease in required computational
resources compared to standard particle in cell (PIC) methods in 2D, with
another reduction of that order in 3D. Further advantage compared to PIC
methods accrues in regimes where particle noise is an issue. VMD and PIC
results in a 2D model of localized Langmuir waves are in qualitative agreement
Langmuir wave self-focusing versus decay instability
Electron trapping in a finite amplitude Langmuir wave (LW) leads to a
frequency shift, \Delta\omega_{TP} < 0, and reduced Landau damping. These may
lead to modulational instability. Its growth rate and damping threshold, due to
escape of trapped electrons at rate \nu, are calculated for the first time in
the short wavelength regime. If the background plasma is in thermal
equilibrium, it is shown that this trapped particle modulational instability
(TPMI) is not possible when k \lambda_D > 0.46, while for 0.33 < k \lambda_D <
0.46, TPMI requires that the fluctuation wavevector have a component
perpendicular to k, the LW wavevector, with \lambda_D the electron Debye
length. Its nonlinear evolution leads to self-focusing. Comparison is made with
a re-evaluated LW ion acoustic decay instability (LDI): compared to classical
estimates, the new LDI threshold is lowered by primary LW \Delta\omega_{TP}
since frequency matching leads to wavenumber and hence damping reduction of the
daughter LW. For parameters estimates relevant to a recent stimulated Raman
scatter experiment (Kline et al., submitted to PRL), the LDI and TPMI
thresholds cross in the range 0.28 < k \lambda_D < 0.34, consistent with the
observed LDI regime change. However, if \nu exceeds a critical value, estimated
to be order 1% of the electron plasma frequency, then TPMI is not possible at
any wavenumber
How much laser power can propagate through fusion plasma?
Propagation of intense laser beams is crucial for inertial confinement
fusion, which requires precise beam control to achieve the compression and
heating necessary to ignite the fusion reaction. The National Ignition Facility
(NIF), where fusion will be attempted, is now under construction. Control of
intense beam propagation may be ruined by laser beam self-focusing. We have
identified the maximum laser beam power that can propagate through fusion
plasma without significant self-focusing and have found excellent agreement
with recent experimental data, and suggest a way to increase that maximum by
appropriate choice of plasma composition with implication for NIF designs. Our
theory also leads to the prediction of anti-correlation between beam spray and
backscatter and suggests the indirect control of backscatter through
manipulation of plasma ionization state or acoustic damping.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Plasma Physics and Controlled
Fusio
Investigating the New Landscapes of Welfare: Housing Policy, Politics and the Emerging Research Agenda
As debates about housing form an increasingly important arena of political controversy, much has been written about the new fissures that have appeared as governments not only struggle to reduce public expenditure deficits but also attempt to address problems such as affordability and homelessness. It is widely anticipated that new conflicts will be played out in the private rental market as access to homeownership becomes unrealistic and the supply of social housing diminishes. However, what other tensions might surface; that hitherto have not been subject to the critical gaze of housing research? In this paper, we provide some thoughts on the nascent policy issues as well as the ideological schisms that are likely to develop in coming years, offering suggestions as to how the focus of housing policy research might be reoriented towards a “politics” framework to capture and better understand the conflicts that are likely to arise
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