RIAU MALAY CULTURE TRANSMISSION AND LEARNING DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOCIETY 5.0 ERA

Currently, with the development of technology in the era of society 5.0, society is required to be able to make the best use of technology. Current technological developments have an influence on the development of education and culture, so that education becomes a tool in the process of cultural transmission. The aim of this research is to conduct a theoretical and descriptive study to find out how the transmission of Riau Malay culture and the development of learning in the era of society 5.0 is developing. The appropriate research method to use is a descriptive interview type research method. The results of this research show that technology plays a role in accelerating the process of transmitting Riau Malay culture, as in the Riau Malay proverb "The Malay People Will Not Disappear on Earth", and technology has a big influence on the development of learning which can help smooth the progress of the educational process in the right direction

Reliability and validity of adapted cross-cultural counselling inventory-revised on the sample of undergraduate counsellor trainees

The cross-cultural counseling inventory-revised (CCCI-R) is one of the limited instruments available to measure the observed multicultural counselling competence. Most studies utilized self-report multicultural counselling competence instruments. Therefore, for the benefit of counsellor educators and multicultural training in Malaysia, this study investigated the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the adapted CCCI-R in the local context. There were 38 supervisors who completed 205 the adapted CCCI-R for their respective counsellor trainees. As the result, internal consistency was found to be=.947, while construct reliability was found to be .968. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) yielded a convergent validity value of .909. The adapted CCCI-R factor structure, reliability, and validity were all verified in this study. Counsellor educators were able to successfully employ the CCCI-R across gender and ethnicity when rating counsellor trainees observed multicultural counselling competence due to its excellent reliability and validity

SELF-PERCEIVED MULTICULTURAL COUNSELLING SELF-EFFICACY LEVELS AMONG SCHOOL COUNSELLING TEACHERS

The purpose of this study was to identify the school counselling teachers’ level of multicultural counselling self-efficacy and to examine the relationship between multicultural counselling self-efficacy with selected demographic variables. Multicultural counselling self-efficacy refers to the belief of school counselling teachers’ confidence on demonstrating multicultural counselling skills. This study was conducted on 167 school counselling teachers in Negeri Sembilan. This study used the Multicultural Counselling Self-Efficacy-Racial Diversity (MCSE-RD) instrument for data collection. The data were analysed descriptively using mean, frequency and percentage. The raw score was analysed to identify the polarity of school counselling teachers’ multicultural counselling self-efficacy. Findings show that school counsellors perceived themselves having average level of multicultural counselling self-efficacy (m= 5.27). This study also found that there are significant relationship between selected demographic variables and school counselling teachers’ multicultural counselling selfefficacy score. Implications of the study and suggestions for future research are also discussed. Keywords: multicultural counselling, multicultural counselling self-efficacy, school counselling teacher

A brief review of multicultural counselling self-efficacy and multicultural counselling competency

The globalisation process which has taken place all over the world has not only changed the horizon but greatly impacted human race, especially human culture and tradition. The impact on the society can be clearly seen by the reality in the school. School as the miniature of today’s society challenged the teachers with various severe issues by the students. Most of these issues such as random sex, homosexuality, suicide and bullying are very much related to the student’s background. Thus, counselling teachers need to exhibit multicultural counselling competency and be confident when serving multicultural clients. The multicultural counselling competency has long been promoted since 1982 is said to consist of three components namely belief and attitude, knowledge and skills related to multicultural counselling. One of the ways to assess one’s competency is by measuring the multicultural counselling self-efficacy and multicultural counselling competency. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore the concepts of multicultural counselling self-efficacy and multicultural counselling competency especially from the perspective of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

Improving College Students’ Depression During an Acute Pandemic Disease with the KEEP Application

Background: During the Covid-19 epidemic, the number of downloads of sports apps surged, with people using sports apps to exercise and share social activities. Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of college students using Keep APP to exercise on their mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: This study utilized a longitudinal research methodology to conduct a 6-week intervention experiment with college students using the KEEP application based on the intervention criteria of the study. The psychological status of the university students before and after the experiment was evaluated through the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). On the basis of satisfying the normal distribution, the was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 60 college students participated in this study (22 boys and 38 girls). Among them, 46 people (76.7%) were infected with COVID-19. After a 6-week exercise intervention using Keep APP, through paired-sample t-tests, significant differences were observed in SDS scores before and after the experiment (t = 10.33, p = 0.051). The mean difference was 5.82, with a 95% confidence interval of [6.436, 9.197], indicating a moderate effect on depressive emotions in the experimental group. Similarly, SAS scores also showed significant differences before and after the experiment (t = 4.889, p = 0.005). The mean difference was 2.18, with a 95% confidence interval of [1.88, 4.486], demonstrating a moderate to large effect.There was no statistically significant effect of choice of exercise modality and frequency of exercise per week on scores in this study (P0.05). Additionally, the duration of exercise shows a significant effect on SAS scores (P =0.027). Conclusion: This study verified the impact of using Keep APP on the mental health of college students during the COVID-19 outbreak, and confirmed that the application can help improve students with mental health problems. These findings provide help in dealing with people’s mental health problems during sudden infectious diseases. Similarly, it also provides valuable insights for further research on software applications

Sanitation knowledge and practices of Malaysian food SMEs: addressing current issues and readiness in acceptance of green sanitation technology

Sanitation is crucial in the food industry, involving cleaning and disinfection processes to ensure facility cleanliness. This study examined sanitation knowledge and practices among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia's frozen meat sector. It also evaluated the acceptance of eco-friendly sanitation technology, specifically an electrolysis unit producing electrolyzed water. Data was collected through an open-ended online questionnaire using Google Forms. The questionnaire comprises demographic profiles, sanitation knowledge, sanitation program design knowledge, sanitation challenges, and the acceptance of integrating a green cleaner with the current sanitation program. Results show SME manufacturers possess sanitation knowledge but face implementation challenges due to absent sanitation programs, skilled labor shortage, hot water supply issues, difficulty cleaning narrow spaces in equipment, chemical storage, and budget constraints. Due to low-temperature operations, only 73 % of frozen meat industries use hot water for sanitation. Additionally, 45 % lack wastewater treatment, leading to chemical residue discharge into municipal drainage. SMEs show interest in electrolyzed water for its dual role as a cleaning and disinfecting agent. The technology's room-temperature efficacy and environmentally friendly degradation into salt and water appeal to SMEs. Adopting electrolysis sanitation technology is expected to significantly reduce costs by utilizing only salt, water, and electricity for electrolyzed water generation

Influence of self-perceived multicultural counselling competence on self-efficacy among counselling teachers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of self-perceived multicultural counselling competence on self-efficacy among counselling teachers. This study was also designed to explore the relationship between multicultural counselling competency and self-efficacy among counselling teachers. Additionally, this study aimed to identify the relationship between selected counselling teachers’ demographic variables such as age, years of working experience and multicultural training received with counselling teachers’ self-perceived multicultural counselling competence and self-efficacy. This quantitative-correlational research was carried out among secondary school counselling teachers in Negeri Sembilan. A simple random sampling method was used to get 200 respondents. Each respondent received a set of questionnaire via post, and a total of 167 counselling teachers participated in the study. The questionnaire consists of three parts; (i) demographic questionnaires, (ii) Multicultural Counselling and Training Survey-Revised (MCCTS-R), and (iii) Multicultural Counselling Self-Efficacy-Racial Diverse (MCSE-RD) form. The MCCTS-R and MCSERD were adapted and translated into the Malay language. As the focus of the study, the linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of self-perceived multicultural counselling competence on counselling teachers’ self-efficacy. The relationship between self-perceived multicultural counselling competence and selfefficacy was tested by conducting the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient analysis. Similar analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between age, number of multicultural trainings received and years of working as a counselling teacher with multicultural counselling competencies and self-efficacy. A series of descriptive analyses were conducted to assess the level of the counselling teachers’ self-perceived multicultural counselling competence and self-efficacy. The descriptive analysis revealed that the respondents scored at the moderate level for self-perceived multicultural counselling competence and self-efficacy. The main finding of the study is that the self-perceived multicultural counselling competence was found to be a significant predictor of counselling teachers’ self-efficacy. Specifically, the selfperceived multicultural counselling competence contributed 28.2% of influence on the variability of counselling teachers’ self-efficacy. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant, positive and strong correlation between self-perceived multicultural counselling competence and self-efficacy. The results of the study showed that age was related to the counselling teachers’multicultural counselling competence only, while the number of multicultural training experiences were related to both the counselling teachers’ multicultural counselling competence and their self-efficacy. In conclusion, the finding of this study suggests that counselling teachers who perceived themselves as somehow multiculturally competent, also believe themselves as efficacious in handling multicultural counselling sessions. Thus is very important that this aspect is given due attention by the training institutions in their counselling teacher preparation programs,and also by the Ministry of Education in the counselling teacher professional development. Future studies should control the sample based on demographic variables such as gender, ethnicity and geographical school setting to provide different insight related to the development of self-efficacy

Usability of Multicultural counseling self-efficacy-Racial diverse (Mcse-Rd) on the sample of Malaysian undergraduate counselor trainees

Based on Self-Efficacy Theory, multicultural counseling self-efficacy is derived from the self-efficacy concept. It is usually measured together when measuring multicultural counseling competence. This study aims to examine the usability of Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy- Racial Diverse (MCSE-RD) on the sample of undergraduate counselor trainees in the Malaysian context. The usability is measured through investigating the adapted and Malay translated MCSE-RD psychometric properties such as its factor structure, reliability and validity. There are 205 counselor trainees from local universities who completed the questionnaire. The factor analysis resulted in the adapted MCSE-RD’s three-factor structure with 16 items were confirmed. Findings showed that MCSE-RD possessed excellent reliability as the internal consistency was ? = .966 and construct reliability of .938. For construct validity, the values of the MCSE-RD’s items were in the range of r = .681 to .870. The convergent validity value obtained the confirmatory factor analysis was .836. As the factor structure, reliability, and validity were all confirmed, the usability of the Malay translated MCSE-RD was also warranted. Moreover, its high reliability and good validity resulted that MCSE-RD can successfully be used by counselor trainees across gender and ethnicity

Reliability and validity of adapted cross-cultural counselling inventory-revised on the sample of undergraduate counsellor trainees

The cross-cultural counseling inventory-revised (CCCI-R) is one of the limited instruments available to measure the observed multicultural counselling competence. Most studies utilized self-report multicultural counselling competence instruments. Therefore, for the benefit of counsellor educators and multicultural training in Malaysia, this study investigated the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the adapted CCCI-R in the local context. There were 38 supervisors who completed 205 the adapted CCCI-R for their respective counsellor trainees. As the result, internal consistency was found to be=.947, while construct reliability was found to be.968. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) yielded a convergent validity value of.909. The adapted CCCI-R factor structure, reliability, and validity were all verified in this study. Counsellor educators were able to successfully employ the CCCI-R across gender and ethnicity when rating counsellor trainees observed multicultural counselling competence due to its excellent reliability and validity

Relationship between multicultural experiences and multicultural counseling competencies among Malaysian counselor trainees

The multicultural counseling course attended by counselor trainees is expected to enrich their multicultural experience through the academic environment, as they come from different backgrounds and personal multicultural experiences. While most multicultural counseling courses focus on the three components of multicultural counseling competence, counselor trainees should be provided with more multicultural exposure and interactions during classes to develop skills to work with diverse clients. Therefore, this descriptive-correlational study explores the relationship between multicultural experiences (personal and academic) and multicultural counseling competencies (self-reported and observer-rated) among Malaysian counselor trainees. All four instruments had been adapted and translated into the Malay language before being completed by 208 randomly selected counselor trainees. This study reported that counselor trainees scored at low levels of personal multicultural experience, high levels of academic multicultural experience, moderate levels of self-perceived multicultural counseling competence, and high levels of observed multicultural counseling competence. The findings showed no significant relationships between personal and academic multicultural experience and self-perceived and observed multicultural counseling competence. In conclusion, the findings imply that there are practices of experiential pedagogy in delivering multicultural counseling courses in counselor education programs. However, more research is needed to identify the underlying variables, such as counseling self-efficacy or self-introspectiveness, which may link the study variables, as this will serve as the most critical aspect in sustaining the counselor trainees’ multicultural counseling competencies