Analysis of the Molecular Score Performance.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Relative signal intensity heatmaps for hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), SRY-box 9 (SOX9), WAP four-disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2), and NK6 homeobox 2 (NKX6-2) in relation to renal histopathology. (<b>B</b>) The distribution of molecular score based on histological grades. (<b>C</b>) The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) for the molecular score of each biopsy, plotted against the grade of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular cell damage.</p

Characteristics of Patients in the Validation Set.

<p>Characteristics of Patients in the Validation Set.</p

The Transcriptional Profile Related to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

<p>(<b>A</b>) Distribution of differences in gene expression between control kidney RNA (Control) and RNA extracted from 48 CKD biopsies. Microarray analysis was performed and genes down-regulated (z-score < -2.0, green) or up-regulated (z-score > 2.0, blue) in CKD are indicated. (<b>B</b>) Biological functions of the genes showing differential expression in CKD samples were classified according to their Gene Ontology and P values were calculated with MetaCore software. (<b>C</b>) Relationship between P values from Kruskal-Wallis test on tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular cell damage. Each symbol represents one gene. Gray or black circles indicate genes with any P values < 0.05; open circles represent genes with both P values > 0.05. HAVCR1, hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1; LCN2, lipocalin 2; SOX9, SRY-box 9; WFDC2, WAP four-disulfide core domain 2; NKX6-2, NK6 homeobox 2.</p

Prediction of Kidney Histopathology.

<p>Subjects with a molecular score > Threshold I or > Threshold II were considered to be ≥ 3 or ≥ 4, respectively.</p><p>*Histopathology grades were consistent with the predicted value using Threshold I.</p><p>^†Histopathology grades were consistent with the predicted value using Threshold II.</p><p>Prediction of Kidney Histopathology.</p

Characteristics of Patients in the Discovery Set.

<p>Values are n or mean ± standard deviation.</p><p>ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody.</p><p>Characteristics of Patients in the Discovery Set.</p

Characteristics of the urinary biomarkers.

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; IL-18, interleukin-18; L-FABP, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.</p><p>Characteristics of the urinary biomarkers.</p

Patient characteristics.

<p>NOTE: The results are given as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test.</p><p><b>Abbreviations:</b> BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MELD, Model for End-stage Liver Disease; Scr, serum creatinine; POD, postoperative day.</p><p>Patient characteristics.</p

Comparison of the urinary levels of NGAL (A), MCP-1 (B), L-FABP (C), IL-18 (D), osteopontin (E), cystatin C (F), and clusterin (G) between AKI-free group (37 measurements of 11 subjects) and AKI group (40 measurements of 20 subjects).

<p>Data were from urinary samples in the post-transplant tacrolimus therapy. Data were normalized to urinary creatinine concentration and plotted on a logarithmic Y axis. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. *P<0.05, ***P<0.001. NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; L-FABP, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein; IL-18, interleukin-18, N.D., not detected.</p

Urinary levels of NGAL in AKI and AKI-free patients.

<p>The cut-off values of urinary NGAL at postoperative day 1 (A, dotted line: 12.8 ng/mg creatinine) and postoperative day 7 (B, dotted line: 62.6 ng/mg creatinine) were evaluated using ROC curve analysis. Although the urinary level of NGAL in the AKI group was similar to that of the AKI-free group at postoperative day 1 (<b>A</b>), that at postoperative day 7 was markedly higher in the AKI group than in the AKI-free group (<b>B</b>). The probability of AKI developing between postoperative days 1 and 7 (<b>C</b>) and between postoperative days 8 and 14 (<b>D</b>) was examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and a log-rank test. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. **P<0.01. NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.</p

Validation Set Study.

<p>Microarray analysis was performed on 5 biopsies from CKD patients in the validation set. (<b>A</b>) Heatmap of the relative signal intensities of hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), SRY-box 9 (SOX9), WAP four-disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2), and NK6 homeobox 2 (NKX6-2). (<b>B</b>) Comparison of the molecular score with the grade of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular cell damage. Dotted lines represent the threshold values corresponding to histopathology grade 3 (Threshold I) or grade 4 (Threshold II).</p