Intrapulmonary metastasis of non–small cell lung cancer: A prognostic assessment

AbstractObjective: According to the revised TNM classification in 1997, intrapulmonary metastasis within the same lobe of the primary tumor is designated as T4 and intrapulmonary metastasis in a different lobe is M1. However, their prognostic implications remain unclear. To assess their prognoses, we retrospectively analyzed the postoperative survival of patients with and without intrapulmonary metastasis. Methods: From January 1982 to December 1996, 2340 patients with non–small cell lung cancer underwent surgical resection. The survival of patients having complete resection (n = 1534) was analyzed according to their intrapulmonary metastasis status: patients without intrapulmonary metastasis (n = 1393), those with metastasis in the same lobe (n = 105), and those with metastasis in a different lobe (n = 18). For comparison, patients with T4 disease without intrapulmonary metastasis in the same lobe (n = 54) and those with M1 disease without metastasis in a different lobe (distant M1, n = 18) were also analyzed. Results: The overall 5-year survivals were as follows: no intrapulmonary metastasis, 60%; stage T4 disease with no intrapulmonary metastasis, 34%; pulmonary metastasis in the same lobe, 34%; pulmonary metastasis in a different lobe, 11%; and distant M1, 6%. The differences in survival between patients with no pulmonary metastasis and those with metastasis in the same lobe (P <.001, log-rank test) and between patients with metastasis in the same lobe and those with distant M1 (P <.001) were significant. In contrast, there was no significant difference between patients with metastasis in the same lobe and those with T4 disease and no intrapulmonary metastasis or between patients with metastasis to a different lobe and those with distant M1. Conclusions: Prognostically, intrapulmonary metastasis within the same lobe of the primary tumor was comparable with T4 and that in a different lobe was comparable with M1. In terms of postoperative prognosis, the revised TNM classification for intrapulmonary metastasis seems to be appropriate.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;122:24-

Thermal phase transitions to valence-bond-solid phase in the two-dimensional generalized SU(N) Heisenberg models

International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems 2014 (SCES2014) 7–14 July 2014, Grenoble, France.We study thermal transitions of the generalized SU(N) Heisenberg models with four-body interactions on a square lattice and with six-body interactions on a honeycomb lattice. In both models for the N=3 and 4 cases, a singlet-dimer state is stabilized at a very low temperature, where a rotational symmetry of lattice is broken spontaneously. We discuss the universality class of thermal transition to the singlet dimer phases, performing quantum Monte Carlo calculations. From the finite-size scaling analysis, we find that the criticality for the square lattice case is well explained by the 2D weak Ising universality, while the 2D three-state Potts universality is observed in the honeycomb lattice case

Properties of concrete using crushed stone powder with various specific surface areas

Many countries use crushed stone and crushed sand as the aggregate for concrete. However, a large amount of crushed stone powder is produced as by-products in the manufacturing process. Unless effective utilization of crushed stone powder is considered, it is not a sufficient measure in terms of sustainability. In this study, the properties of concrete using crushed stone powders with different specific surface areas are investigated. As the results, a strong correlation was found between the unit water content of concrete and the total surface area of the crushed stone powder contained in the concrete. Furthermore, it was concluded that the correlation between the strength index, the CO2 index, and the virgin resource index of concrete using crushed stone powder depends on the types of crushed stone powder and crushed sand

Neuropathology and Therapeutic Intervention in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a hereditary motor neuron disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the androgen receptor (AR). The histopathological finding in SBMA is loss of lower motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord as well as in the brainstem motor nuclei. Animal studies have revealed that the pathogenesis of SBMA depends on the level of serum testosterone, and that androgen deprivation mitigates neurodegeneration through inhibition of nuclear accumulation of the pathogenic AR. Heat shock proteins, ubiquitin-proteasome system and transcriptional regulation are also potential targets of therapy development for SBMA

マイクロ・ケルヴィン温度領域の物性: 電子および核

金沢大学理工研究域数物科学系初年度に研究会を2度開催しそれによって幾つかの共同研究が行われた。特に阪大大貫教授の研究室で作製している高品質の結晶を使用して超低温領域での測定を行う共同研究が幾つか行われ大きな成果を挙げた。CeRu_2Si_2;金沢大学:重い電子系の物質として知られるこの結晶は、これまで希釈冷凍機温度(〜数10mK)までの測定で非磁性の物質であることが知られていた。しかし試料依存性もありより低温までの測定は無かった。大貫研究室の高品質の単結晶試料を用いた約400μKまでの静磁化の測定がなされた。その結果試料に依存する不純物によると思われる磁化は約1Kまでで死んでしまい温度変化しなくなる。その後再び磁化は低温になるにつれて上昇する。その磁気モーメントの大きさは約0.02μ_Bと小さい。約400μKまで磁気的転移をしない。重い電子系でこのような超低温まで非磁性の物質は大変興味有る。今後さらに低温までの測定を計画中。PrIn_3;東大物性研:hyperfine-enhanced核スピン系として知られるこの物質が約0.13mKで反強磁性に転移することを観測し、比熱および磁化測定からこの物質のスピン構造を推定した。PrCu_6;大阪市大:hyperfine-enhanced核スピン系として知られる紺も物質の2.2mKでの核磁気秩序状態を詳細に測定し特異なドメイン構造を取っていることを明らかにした。核スピン系の実験室系での測定でドメイン構造の観測は初めてである。その他の共同研究;筑波大学と金沢大学:Sc金属の核スピン構造を理論計算により求めた。大阪市立大学と金沢大学:Sc金属の核スピン一格子緩和時間に関して実験的、理論的研究がなさらえた。In 1996, we had meeting twice. We discussed our co-works projects. Then we determined the main project that ultra-low temperature measurements for high qualty rare earth copmound crystal produced by Prof.Onuki\u27s group.We will report some results of the project.1) CeRu2Si2 ; Kanazawa University : The magnetic susceptibility measurements were done for CeRu2Si2 single crystal which is known as the nonmagnetic and nonsuperonducting heavy electron compoud. The magnetic susceptibility increases monotonically down to 300mk. The magnetic susceptibility suggests the small magnetic moment0.02mu_B. This results suggests that the crystal is of very good qualty.2) PrIn3 ; ISSP : PrIn3 compound is the hyperfine-enhanced nuclear spin system. The nuclear spin ordering was observed at 0.13 mK.From the specific heat and the magnetization measurements, the magnetic spin structure was estimated.3) PrCu6 ; Osaka City University : The hyperfine-enhanced nuclear spin system PrCu6 orders at 2.2mK.The domain structure was observed. This is the first observation of he domain structure of nuclear spin system in a laboratory frame.研究課題/領域番号:08304025, 研究期間(年度):1996 – 1997出典：研究課題「マイクロ・ケルヴィン温度領域の物性: 電子および核」課題番号08304025（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08304025/083040251997kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/）を加工して作

結晶歪と高温超伝導

金沢大学理学部高温超伝導体のCu-O八面体の酸素の頂点が塩素で置き換った物質,Ba_2Cu_3O_4Cl_2について研究した。このCu-Oの八面体の結晶歪が高温超伝導体の出現に大きく影響を与えている実験事実から,我々はこの八面体の頂点の酸素を塩素で置き換えた八面体の結晶歪がどのようにこの物性の性質に反映しているのかを系統的に調べ,高温超伝導体の超伝導発現機構に迫るものである。先ずこの物質の帯磁采の温度変化及び各温度での磁化の磁場依存性を測定した。その結果330K以下でスピンがキャントした反強磁性になっていることが分った。キャントした反強磁性になるには結晶が斜方晶型かそれ以下の対称性を持った結晶型であることが必要である。ところがX線的にはこの物質は室温では正方晶型のように思われる。この矛盾をどう考えるか。我々は2つの可能性を考えた。1つは歪が330K以下で起こっているが小さいのでX線的には正方晶型に見える。2番目はCuの位置では歪んでいるが全体では正方晶であるという可能性。1)の可能性の為に小さな歪の検出に偉力を発揮するX線トポグラフィーをこの330Kの上下で種々温度変化をとった。結果はトポグラフィーでは330Kで歪を起こしているという結果は得られなかった。2)の可能性の為に放射光を用いたEXAFSを測定しCuと特に第2近接の酵素までの距離を測定し、その温度変化から歪が部分的に起きている可能性を調べた。その結果330K以上で急に距離が短くなっているようであるがその変化の量が大き過ぎるのでもう少し精度を上げた実験が必要である。この物質のCuの一部をNiやZnで置き換えた物質の単結晶を作り磁性を測定した。Niではキャントした反強磁性は起こらなくなり、Znでは転移点を数度下げるだけで大きな変化はなかった。これから他の元素をドープすることにより結晶歪をコントロールして高温超伝導と歪の関係を明らかにしたい。研究課題/領域番号:04240106, 研究期間(年度):1992出典：研究課題「結晶歪と高温超伝導」課題番号04240106（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04240106/）を加工して作

Current Status of Treatment of Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is the first member identified among polyglutamine diseases characterized by slowly progressive muscle weakness and atrophy of the bulbar, facial, and limb muscles pathologically associated with motor neuron loss in the spinal cord and brainstem. Androgen receptor (AR), a disease-causing protein of SBMA, is a well-characterized ligand-activated transcription factor, and androgen binding induces nuclear translocation, conformational change and recruitment of coregulators for transactivation of AR target genes. Some therapeutic strategies for SBMA are based on these native functions of AR. Since ligand-induced nuclear translocation of mutant AR has been shown to be a critical step in motor neuron degeneration in SBMA, androgen deprivation therapies using leuprorelin and dutasteride have been developed and translated into clinical trials. Although the results of these trials are inconclusive, renewed clinical trials with more sophisticated design might prove the effectiveness of hormonal intervention in the near future. Furthermore, based on the normal function of AR, therapies targeted for conformational changes of AR including amino-terminal (N) and carboxy-terminal (C) (N/C) interaction and transcriptional coregulators might be promising. Other treatments targeted for mitochondrial function, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and autophagy could be applicable for all types of polyglutamine diseases