The Developmental Changes in Cube Copying Abilities of Japanese Children with Typical Development

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the developmental changes in Necker cube copying and isometric perspective cube copying abilities of Japanese children of typical development.Methods and Results: [Study-1] A total of 40 individuals aged 5-18 years participated in Study-1. The Necker cube copying task was administered, and scores were assigned based on the method developed by Yorimitsu et al. (2013). The results showed that the scores increased significantly for children in the 8-9 years age group (p < 0.01).[Study-2] A total of 32 individuals aged 6-10 years participated in Study-2. The isometric perspective cube copying task was administered, and scores were assigned based on the method developed by Otomo (2009). The results showed that the scores increased significantly for children in the 7-8 years age group (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Japanese children of typical development were able to perform the Necker cube copying task from approximately nine years of age. The same participants were able to perform the isometric perspective cube copying task from approximately eight years of age

Developmental problems relating to lexical and non-lexical processing in reading aloud of kana strings in adults with developmental Dyslexia Using effects of length and lexicality as indicator

Our previous study found that children with developmental dyslexia used mainly non-lexical processing rather than lexical processing due to inefficient lexical processing during Kana word naming, and their non-lexical processing itself was also slow. The aim of this study was to confirm whether adults with developmental dyslexia also show the same problems, that is, inefficient lexical processing and slow non-lexical processing. To accomplish this aim, we ran a reading aloud experiment investigating effects of length and lexicality on reading latencies for strings of Kana characters. Participants were 7 adults with developmental dyslexia and 48 normal adults. The dyslexic group showed longer reading latencies than the normal group and a significantly large length effect irrespective of lexicality, findings that are compatible with results in our previous study. Therefore it is thought that the adults with developmental dyslexia in this study had the same problems in both lexical and non-lexical processing as the children with developmental dyslexia had in our previous study.9 page(s