5 research outputs found
On the origin and persistence of praedial toponyms in central Italy
This paper recognises the origin of the current series of praedial place names, through successive transcripts, in the Roman land ownership system of republican and imperial times, experimenting with some methodological aspects of the use of digital cartographic sources. Acknowledging the widespread presence of praedial place names in modern cartography and medieval notarial sources, the research reconstitutes the history of the land ownership system, considering the landscape as “quella forma che l'uomo, nel corso ed ai fini delle sue attività produttive agricole, coscientemente e sistematicamente imprime al paesaggio naturale” [“the form that man, in the course and for the purpose of agricultural production, consciously and systematically imposes to the natural landscape”] (Sereni, 1961, p. 29). The two sets of data, morphology and toponymy, are proposed here as an antonymic dyad representing the symbolic relationship between population and territory. The research considers two case studies: the valley of the river Savio, and the territory belonging to the abbey of Subiaco in the Lazio region. After the close examination of toponyms in the Italian official map (scale 1:25,000) a list of praedial names was selected and, with a GIS, was correlated with another set of place names extracted from medieval notarial documents (IV-XII cent.). For some of these place names it was possible to track back the history of the site to the Roman praedium and in three cases to identify the Roman owner, through the analysis of literary and epigraphical sources. Starting from these three specific praedia it was therefore possible to infer the origin and the history of praedial place names in central Italy. Nevertheless, the persistence of these names until today was possible only through the medieval notarial transcriptions, showing some continuity in the land ownership system through the Middle Ages
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The effects of scleral buckling on young rabbit eyes
To evaluate the effects of scleral buckling surgery on the developing eye in an animal model.
Eleven young rabbits underwent scleral buckling surgery in one eye. In 6 rabbits, a 2.5 x 0.6-mm solid silicone encircling band (240 style) with a Watzke sleeve was used, and in 5 rabbits, a 2.0-mm silicone encircling sponge (502 style) with its ends abutting, but not connected, was used. After 3 months, both eyes of each animal were enucleated. Six eyes of an additional 3 rabbits served as baseline controls for determining initial globe volumes.
Of the eyes buckled with a 240 band, 4 of 6 developed glaucoma compared with 0 of 5 eyes buckled with a 502 sponge (P =.06). Migration of the element occurred in all eyes with a 240 band (3 anterior, 3 posterior), while none of the 502 sponges migrated. There was no significant difference in the mean final corneal diameter between eyes with a 240 band (P =.94) and untreated fellow eyes or between eyes with a 502 sponge and untreated fellow eyes (P =.25). The mean axial length of eyes with a 240 band and untreated fellow eyes was 19.57 mm and 16.83 mm, respectively (P =.009). The mean axial length of eyes with a 502 sponge and untreated fellow eyes was 16.67 mm and 16.50 mm, respectively (P =.67). When comparing eyes with a 240 band with eyes with a 502 sponge, a significant difference was observed in the mean axial length (P =.006) and mean volume (P =.006) between the 2 scleral buckle groups.
The use of a noninterrupted solid silicone encircling band appeared to have significant effects on the growth of young rabbit eyes. The use of an interrupted silicone sponge produced a buckling effect similar to the solid silicone band and did not migrate, adversely affect eye growth, or result in glaucoma.
Noncontinuous encircling elements may prove to be as beneficial as continuous encircling elements in the treatment of tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in infant eyes without the potentially deleterious effects associated with a nondivided encircling band or the need for a second surgery to divide the encircling element