Thresholding and Swarm Intelligence Technique for Image Segmentation: An Overview

The present technique used for the image processing is image segmentation. The gain of the information is more and accurate in the image segmentation process. There are several techniques and methods for the segmentation process of the image. For the practical use the technique based on the thresholding is one of the most simple and important technique. The thresholding technique of segmentation of the image based on the 2-D histogram is useful for the practical work. The grey value of the pixels of the image and average of the grey value of the pixels is used for the segments of the image. The nature of the image is digital in nature for the segmentation of the image. In this paper we will study the use of algorithm known swarm intelligence for the segmentation of the image. The process of the segmentation of the image is fast by using this algorithm. This algorithm is useful for performing segmentation of the image in the real images. Several tests and implementations have been done using this algorithm on the real image. The results from different test that we have received have showed that this algorithm is applicable for the real time applications and requires less computational time. &nbsp

Basmati Rice – The On-Going Domestic Challenge

100-106Basmati rice holds significance, not only in the daily lives of the Indians but world-wide as well. All over the world, Basmati rice is consumed, which makes it more important to protect the origin and quality of this agricultural product. After APEDA filed an application for acquisition of a GI tag for Basmati in India, the stakeholders in the State of Madhya Pradesh were left out. This turned into an ongoing tussle between the Madhya Pradesh and APEDA for GI tag for Basmati. This article covers and examines the arguments forwarded for non-inclusion of Madhya Pradesh districts in the GI application for Basmati and criticizes the misunderstanding behind the motive of procuring this tag

ISP liability for third party copyright infringement: A comparative analysis for setting international standard norms

The rapid expansion of the Internet has greatly expanded the context in which copyright infringement can occur. ISPs largely remain the gateway through which end users access the vast flow of digital content traveling throughout cyberspace. Unfortunately, ISPs are at the receiving end of many disputes involving IPR violations. The difficulty in pinpointing the real culprit has resulted in a situation where the ISP is often taken to the court.The paper examines such situations where the ISPs have been involved into litigations for third party copyright infringement across the globe. An attempt has been made to highlight the problems in such litigations and how it has affected the industry. An analysis has been made of all the laws passed by the legislations of various countries which has created a limit in the liability of ISPs in various countries if the ISP follows certain guidelines. Special emphasis has been given to the decisions of the courts of these countries after the creation of such limitations and an analysis has been done of whether such exceptions have infact served the purpose or not. Finally the paper is concluded with the basic purpose and theme of the paper which is to create an international standard guideline and in doing so the point that the individual countries legislations wont have an effective control over the problem has been highlighted and this is the reason why an international body like WIPO and WTO has to enter to control the situation

Basmati Rice – The On-Going Domestic Challenge

Basmati rice holds significance, not only in the daily lives of the Indians but world-wide as well. All over the world, Basmati rice is consumed, which makes it more important to protect the origin and quality of this agricultural product. After APEDA filed an application for acquisition of a GI tag for Basmati in India, the stakeholders in the State of Madhya Pradesh were left out. This turned into an ongoing tussle between the Madhya Pradesh and APEDA for GI tag for Basmati. This article covers and examines the arguments forwarded for non-inclusion of Madhya Pradesh districts in the GI application for Basmati and criticizes the misunderstanding behind the motive of procuring this tag

Public perceptions and experiences with the on-going COVID-19 immunisation programme in India: A survey based study

In countries with large population size, the process of spreading awareness about an entity is often a challenging task. India, ranking second in the world in terms of population, was one of the countries to produce effective vaccines and run a vaccination campaign in a span of months after the onset of COVID-19. The main objectives of the survey were to uncover the predilection of individuals regarding the available vaccines, the extent of safety and the necessity of vaccines. An attempt was made to find out the post-vaccination manifestations. The questionnaire was designed using Google forms which had a total of 31 questions and was circulated via various social media platforms. By the time of conduction of the survey, 18.40% of individuals had received both doses of vaccines and 58.10% of individuals had pain at the site of injection as the most common symptom irrespective of the type of vaccine they received. It can be concluded that the majority of individuals considered vaccination as the need of the hour. Covishield was the most favoured vaccine. Although most of the responses received were assertive, some of the respondents were still sceptical about the vaccination. It was found that vaccination helped in reducing the severity of disease and if coupled with other precautionary measures will lessen the transmission or spread of the virus

In vitro antilithiatic and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of polyalthia longifolia leaves

Calcium oxalate crystals are responsible for formation of urinary calculi. Traditional therapy based on plants and herbal resources have found beneficial for treatment of kidney stones.  The present study aimed to screen antilithiatic and antioxidant potential of Polyalthia Longifolia leaves methanolic extract. The extract was evaluated for the presence of secondary metabolites, total phenolic content and total flavonoid contents. The high phenolic content in leaves is attributable to the presence of phenol, flavonoid, and tannin which all have antioxidant properties, and same was evaluated and confirmed using nitric oxide assay and lipid peroxidation method. Antilithiatic potential of few secondary metabolites like triterpenoids was confirmed by evaluation calcium oxalate dissolving ability of plant’s methanolic extract. The urinary calculi dissolving ability was of extract was assessed in vitro. The overall findings confirmed the antilithiatic and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Polyalthia Longifolia Leaves

Phytochemical screening and TLC fingerprinting of selected medicinal plant used for antilithiatic activity

The purpose of this study to investigate phytochemical screening and TLC fingerprinting of selected medicinal plant used for antilithiatic activity. Phytochemical tests were performed on plant extracts to determine the presence of several chemical elements such as Glycoside, Terpenoid, Flavonoids, Tannins, and other compounds that are responsible for the biological activity of the plant extract. To that end, ethanolic extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. leaves are used for the chemical assays to be conducted primarily for the identification of various chemical components The most effective solvent system for TLC of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. leaves was discovered. Chloroform, benzene, and formic acid are all components of the ethanolic extract (50:40:10). Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. leaves have received some TLC. In the presence of six different compounds with various Rf values in different colours, employing the iodine vapour as a detecting reagent, the ethanolic extract shows the presence of six compounds in the extract with different Rf values in different colours