International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III (ISSP 2008)

Content: attitudes towards religious practices.Topics: assessment of personal happiness; attitudes towards pre-maritalsexual intercourse; attitudes towards committed adultery; attitudestowards homosexual relationships between adults; attitudes towardsabortion in case of serious disability or illness of the baby or lowincome of the family; attitudes towards gender roles in marriage; trustin institutions (parliament, business and industry, churches andreligious organizations, courts and the legal system, schools and theeducational system); mobility; attitudes towards the influence ofreligious leaders on voters and government; attitudes towards thebenefits of science and religion (scale: modern science does more harmthan good, too much trust in science and not enough in religious faith,religions bring more conflicts than peace, intolerance of people withvery strong religious beliefs); judgement on the power of churches andreligious organizations; attitudes towards equal rights for allreligious groups in the country and respect for all religions;acceptance of persons from a different religion or with differentreligious views in case of marrying a relative or being a candidate ofthe preferred political party (social distance); attitudes towards theallowance for religious extremists to hold public meetings and topublish books expressing their views (freedom of expression); doubt orfirm belief in God (deism, scale); belief in: a life after death,heaven, hell, religious miracles, reincarnation, Nirvana, supernaturalpowers of deceased ancestors; attitudes towards a higher truth andtowards meaning of life (scale: God is concerned with every human beingpersonally, little that people can do to change the course of theirlives (fatalism), life is meaningful only because God exists, life doesnot serve any purpose, life is only meaningful if someone provides themeaning himself, connection with God without churches or religiousservices); religious preference (affiliation) of mother, father andspouse/partner; religion respondent was raised in; frequency ofchurch attendance (of attendance in religious services) of father andmother; personal frequency of church attendance when young; frequencyof prayers and participation in religious activities; shrine, altar ora religious object in respondent’s home; frequency of visiting a holyplace (shrine, temple, church or mosque) for religious reasons exceptregular religious services; self-classification of personalreligiousness and spirituality; truth in one or in all religions;attitudes towards the profits of practicing a religion (scale: findinginner peace and happiness, making friends, gaining comfort in times oftrouble and sorrow, meeting the right kind of people).Optional items (not stated in all countries): questions in countrieswith an appreciable number of Evangelical Protestants): ´born-again´Christian; attitudes towards the Bible (or appropriate holy book);questions generally applicable for all countries: conversion of faithafter crucial experience; personal sacrifice as an expression of faithsuch as fasting or following a special diet during holy season such asLent or Ramadan; concept of God (semantic differential scale: mother -father, master - spouse, judge - lover, friend - king); belief in luckycharms, fortune tellers, faith healers and horoscopes; social rules orGod’s laws as basis for deciding between right and wrong; attitudestowards members of different religious groups (Christians, Muslims,Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, Atheists or non-believers.Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years ofschooling; highest education level; country specific education anddegree; current employment status (respondent and partner); hoursworked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner);supervising function at work; working for private or public sector orself-employed (respondent and partner); if self-employed: number ofemployees; trade union membership; earnings of respondent (countryspecific); family income (country specific); size of household;household composition; party affiliation (left-right); country specificparty affiliation; participation in last election; religiousdenomination; religious main groups; attendance of religious services;self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region (country specific); sizeof community (country specific); type of community: urban-rural area;country of origin or ethnic group affiliation.Additionally coded: administrative mode of data-collection; weightingfactor; case substitution

International Social Survey Programme: Religion III - ISSP 2008

Einstellung zur religiösen Praxis. Themen: Einschätzung des persönlichen Glücksgefühls; Einstellung zu vorehelichem Geschlechtsverkehr und zu außerehelichem Geschlechtsverkehr (Ehebruch); Einstellung zu homosexuellen Beziehungen zwischen Erwachsenen; Einstellung zu Abtreibung im Falle von Behinderung oder Krankheit des Babys und im Falle geringen Einkommens der Familie; Rollenverständnis in der Ehe; Institutionenvertrauen (Parlament, Unternehmen und Industrie, Kirche und religiöse Organisationen, Gerichte und Rechtssystem, Schulen und Bildungssystem); eigene Mobilität; Einstellung zum Einfluss von religiösen Führern auf Wähler und Regierung; Einstellung zu Wissenschaft und Religion (Skala: moderne Wissenschaft bringt mehr Schaden als Nutzen, zu viel Vertrauen in die Wissenschaft und zu wenig religiöses Vertrauen, Religionen bringen mehr Konflikte als Frieden, Intoleranz von Menschen mit starken religiösen Überzeugungen); Beurteilung der Macht von Kirchen und religiösen Organisationen im Lande; Einstellung zur Gleichberechtigung aller religiösen Gruppen im Land und Respekt für alle Religionen; Akzeptanz einer Person anderen Glaubens oder mit unterschiedlichen religiösen Ansichten als Ehepartner im Verwandtschaftskreis sowie als Kandidat der präferierten Partei (soziale Distanz); Einstellung zur öffentlichen Redefreiheit bzw. zum Publikationsrecht für religiöse Extremisten; Zweifel oder fester Glaube an Gott (Skala Deismus); Glaube an: ein Leben nach dem Tod, Himmel, Hölle, Wunder, Reinkarnation, Nirwana, übernatürliche Kräfte verstorbener Vorfahren; Einstellung zu einer höheren Wahrheit und zum Sinn des Lebens (Gott kümmert sich um jeden Menschen persönlich, nur wenig persönlicher Einfluss auf das Leben möglich (Fatalismus), Leben hat nur einen Sinn aufgrund der Existenz Gottes, Leben dient keinem Zweck, eigenes Tun verleiht dem Leben Sinn, persönliche Verbindung mit Gott ohne Kirche oder Gottesdienste); Religion der Mutter, des Vaters und des Ehepartners bzw. Partners; Religion, mit der der Befragte aufgewachsen ist; Kirchgangshäufigkeit des Vaters und der Mutter; persönliche Kirchgangshäufigkeit in der Jugend; Häufigkeit des Betens und der Teilnahme an religiösen Aktivitäten; Schrein, Altar oder religiöses Objekt (z.B. Kreuz) im Haushalt des Befragten; Häufigkeit des Besuchs eines heiligen Ortes (Schrein, Tempel, Kirche oder Moschee) aus religiösen Gründen; Selbsteinschätzung der Religiosität und Spiritualität; Wahrheit in einer oder in allen Religionen; Vorteilhaftigkeit der Ausübung einer Religion (Skala: inneren Frieden und Glück finden, Freundschaften schließen, Unterstützung in schwierigen Zeiten, Gleichgesinnte treffen). Optionale Items (nicht in allen Ländern ausgeführt): wiedergeborene Christen; Einstellung zur Bibel; Fragen, die grundsätzlich für alle Länder anwendbar sind: Bekehrung zum Glauben nach einem Schlüsselerlebnis; persönliche Opfer als Ausdruck des Glaubens wie Fasten oder Einhalten einer speziellen Diät während heiliger Zeiten wie z.B. Ramadan; Konzept von Gott (semantisches Differential: Mutter/Vater, Herr und Meister/Ehepartner, Richter/Liebender, Freund/König); Glaube an Glücksbringer, Wahrsager, Gesundbeter und Horoskope; demokratische oder göttliche Gesetze als Grundlage für Entscheidungen zwischen richtig und falsch; Einstellung gegenüber verschiedenen religiösen Gruppen (Christen, Muslime, Hindus, Buddhisten, Juden, Atheisten oder Nicht-Gläubige). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Familienstand; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; Jahre der Schulbildung, höchster Bildungsabschluss; länderspezifischer Bildungsgrad; derzeitiger Beschäftigungsstatus des Befragten und seines Partners; Wochenarbeitszeit; Beruf (ISCO-88) des Befragten und seines Partners; Vorgesetztenfunktion; Beschäftigung im privaten oder öffentlichen Dienst oder Selbständigkeit des Befragten und seines Partners; Selbständige wurden gefragt: Anzahl der Beschäftigten; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Einkommensquellen des Befragten (länderspezifisch), Haushaltseinkommen (länderspezifisch); Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Parteipräferenz (links-rechts), länderspezifische Parteipräferenz; Wahlbeteiligung bei der letzten Wahl; Konfession; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Selbsteinstufung auf einer Oben-Unten-Skala; Region und Ortsgröße (länderspezifisch), Urbanisierungsgrad; Geburtsland und ethnische Herkunft. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Datenerhebungsart;Gewichtungsfaktoren

International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III (ISSP 2008)

Content: attitudes towards religious practices.Topics: assessment of personal happiness; attitudes towards pre-maritalsexual intercourse; attitudes towards committed adultery; attitudestowards homosexual relationships between adults; attitudes towardsabortion in case of serious disability or illness of the baby or lowincome of the family; attitudes towards gender roles in marriage; trustin institutions (parliament, business and industry, churches andreligious organizations, courts and the legal system, schools and theeducational system); mobility; attitudes towards the influence ofreligious leaders on voters and government; attitudes towards thebenefits of science and religion (scale: modern science does more harmthan good, too much trust in science and not enough in religious faith,religions bring more conflicts than peace, intolerance of people withvery strong religious beliefs); judgement on the power of churches andreligious organizations; attitudes towards equal rights for allreligious groups in the country and respect for all religions;acceptance of persons from a different religion or with differentreligious views in case of marrying a relative or being a candidate ofthe preferred political party (social distance); attitudes towards theallowance for religious extremists to hold public meetings and topublish books expressing their views (freedom of expression); doubt orfirm belief in God (deism, scale); belief in: a life after death,heaven, hell, religious miracles, reincarnation, Nirvana, supernaturalpowers of deceased ancestors; attitudes towards a higher truth andtowards meaning of life (scale: God is concerned with every human beingpersonally, little that people can do to change the course of theirlives (fatalism), life is meaningful only because God exists, life doesnot serve any purpose, life is only meaningful if someone provides themeaning himself, connection with God without churches or religiousservices); religious preference (affiliation) of mother, father andspouse/partner; religion respondent was raised in; frequency ofchurch attendance (of attendance in religious services) of father andmother; personal frequency of church attendance when young; frequencyof prayers and participation in religious activities; shrine, altar ora religious object in respondent’s home; frequency of visiting a holyplace (shrine, temple, church or mosque) for religious reasons exceptregular religious services; self-classification of personalreligiousness and spirituality; truth in one or in all religions;attitudes towards the profits of practicing a religion (scale: findinginner peace and happiness, making friends, gaining comfort in times oftrouble and sorrow, meeting the right kind of people).Optional items (not stated in all countries): questions in countrieswith an appreciable number of Evangelical Protestants): ´born-again´Christian; attitudes towards the Bible (or appropriate holy book);questions generally applicable for all countries: conversion of faithafter crucial experience; personal sacrifice as an expression of faithsuch as fasting or following a special diet during holy season such asLent or Ramadan; concept of God (semantic differential scale: mother -father, master - spouse, judge - lover, friend - king); belief in luckycharms, fortune tellers, faith healers and horoscopes; social rules orGod’s laws as basis for deciding between right and wrong; attitudestowards members of different religious groups (Christians, Muslims,Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, Atheists or non-believers.Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years ofschooling; highest education level; country specific education anddegree; current employment status (respondent and partner); hoursworked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner);supervising function at work; working for private or public sector orself-employed (respondent and partner); if self-employed: number ofemployees; trade union membership; earnings of respondent (countryspecific); family income (country specific); size of household;household composition; party affiliation (left-right); country specificparty affiliation; participation in last election; religiousdenomination; religious main groups; attendance of religious services;self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region (country specific); sizeof community (country specific); type of community: urban-rural area;country of origin or ethnic group affiliation.Additionally coded: administrative mode of data-collection; weightingfactor; case substitution

International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III (ISSP 2008)

Content: attitudes towards religious practices.Topics: assessment of personal happiness; attitudes towards pre-maritalsexual intercourse; attitudes towards committed adultery; attitudestowards homosexual relationships between adults; attitudes towardsabortion in case of serious disability or illness of the baby or lowincome of the family; attitudes towards gender roles in marriage; trustin institutions (parliament, business and industry, churches andreligious organizations, courts and the legal system, schools and theeducational system); mobility; attitudes towards the influence ofreligious leaders on voters and government; attitudes towards thebenefits of science and religion (scale: modern science does more harmthan good, too much trust in science and not enough in religious faith,religions bring more conflicts than peace, intolerance of people withvery strong religious beliefs); judgement on the power of churches andreligious organizations; attitudes towards equal rights for allreligious groups in the country and respect for all religions;acceptance of persons from a different religion or with differentreligious views in case of marrying a relative or being a candidate ofthe preferred political party (social distance); attitudes towards theallowance for religious extremists to hold public meetings and topublish books expressing their views (freedom of expression); doubt orfirm belief in God (deism, scale); belief in: a life after death,heaven, hell, religious miracles, reincarnation, Nirvana, supernaturalpowers of deceased ancestors; attitudes towards a higher truth andtowards meaning of life (scale: God is concerned with every human beingpersonally, little that people can do to change the course of theirlives (fatalism), life is meaningful only because God exists, life doesnot serve any purpose, life is only meaningful if someone provides themeaning himself, connection with God without churches or religiousservices); religious preference (affiliation) of mother, father andspouse/partner; religion respondent was raised in; frequency ofchurch attendance (of attendance in religious services) of father andmother; personal frequency of church attendance when young; frequencyof prayers and participation in religious activities; shrine, altar ora religious object in respondent’s home; frequency of visiting a holyplace (shrine, temple, church or mosque) for religious reasons exceptregular religious services; self-classification of personalreligiousness and spirituality; truth in one or in all religions;attitudes towards the profits of practicing a religion (scale: findinginner peace and happiness, making friends, gaining comfort in times oftrouble and sorrow, meeting the right kind of people).Optional items (not stated in all countries): questions in countrieswith an appreciable number of Evangelical Protestants): ´born-again´Christian; attitudes towards the Bible (or appropriate holy book);questions generally applicable for all countries: conversion of faithafter crucial experience; personal sacrifice as an expression of faithsuch as fasting or following a special diet during holy season such asLent or Ramadan; concept of God (semantic differential scale: mother -father, master - spouse, judge - lover, friend - king); belief in luckycharms, fortune tellers, faith healers and horoscopes; social rules orGod’s laws as basis for deciding between right and wrong; attitudestowards members of different religious groups (Christians, Muslims,Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, Atheists or non-believers.Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years ofschooling; highest education level; country specific education anddegree; current employment status (respondent and partner); hoursworked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner);supervising function at work; working for private or public sector orself-employed (respondent and partner); if self-employed: number ofemployees; trade union membership; earnings of respondent (countryspecific); family income (country specific); size of household;household composition; party affiliation (left-right); country specificparty affiliation; participation in last election; religiousdenomination; religious main groups; attendance of religious services;self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region (country specific); sizeof community (country specific); type of community: urban-rural area;country of origin or ethnic group affiliation.Additionally coded: administrative mode of data-collection; weightingfactor; case substitution

International Social Survey Programme: Social Inequality IV - ISSP 2009

Social inequality. Themes: Importance of social background, merit, discrimination, corruption and good relations as prerequisites for success in society (wealthy family, well-educated parents, good education, ambitions, hard working, knowing the right people, political connections, giving bribes, person´s race and religion, gender); attitude towards equality of educational opportunity in one´s country (corruption as criteria for social mobility, only students from the best secondary schools have a good chance to obtain a university education, only rich people can afford the costs of attending university, same chances for everyone to enter university, regardless of gender, ethnicity or social background); opinion about own salary: actual occupational earning is adequate; estimation of actual and reasonable earnings for occupational groups: doctor, chairman of a large national corporation, shop assistant, unskilled worker in a factory, cabinet minister in the national government; income differences are too large in the respondent´s country; responsibility of government to reduce income differences; government should provide a decent standard of living for the unemployed and spend less on benefits for poor people; demand for higher taxes for people with high incomes; opinion on taxes for people with high income; justification of better medical supply and better education for people with higher income; perception of class conflicts between social groups in the country (poor and rich people, working class and middle class, management and workers, people at the top of society and people at the bottom); self-assessment and assessment of the family the respondent grew up in on a top-bottom-scale; social position compared to father (social mobility); salary criteria (scale: responsibility, education, needed support for family and children, quality of job performance or hard work at the job); feeling of a just payment; characterisation of the actual and the desired social system of the country, measured by classification on pyramid diagrams (image of society). Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years of schooling; highest education level; country specific education and degree; current employment status (respondent and partner); hours worked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner); supervising function at work; working for private or public sector or self-employed (respondent and partner); if self-employed: number of employees; trade union membership; earnings of respondent (country specific); family income (country specific); size of household; household composition; party affiliation (left-right); country specific party affiliation; participation in last election; religious denomination; religious main groups; attendance of religious services; self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region (country specific); size of community (country specific); type of community: urban-rural area; country of origin or ethnic group affiliation; occupation status and profession of respondent´s father and mother during the youth of the respondent (ISCO 88); number of books in the parental home during the youth of the respondent (cultural resources); occupational status and profession in the first job and the current job (ISCO 88 and working type); self-assessment of the social class; estimated amount of family wealth (monetary value of assets); work orientation: self-characterisation at this time and in the youth of the respondent concerning his performance at work respectively at school. Additionally coded: administrative mode of data-collection; weighting factor; case substitution

International Social Survey Programme 2009: Social Inequality IV (ISSP 2009)

Social inequality.Themes: Importance of social background, merit, discrimination,corruption and good relations as prerequisites for success in society(wealthy family, well-educated parents, good education, ambitions, hardworking, knowing the right people, political connections, givingbribes, person´s race and religion, gender); attitude towards equalityof educational opportunity in one´s country (corruption as criteria forsocial mobility, only students from the best secondary schools have agood chance to obtain a university education, only rich people canafford the costs of attending university, same chances for everyone toenter university, regardless of gender, ethnicity or socialbackground); opinion about own salary: actual occupational earning isadequate; estimation of actual and reasonable earnings for occupationalgroups: doctor, chairman of a large national corporation, shopassistant, unskilled worker in a factory, cabinet minister in thenational government; income differences are too large in therespondent´s country; responsibility of government to reduce incomedifferences; government should provide a decent standard of living forthe unemployed and spend less on benefits for poor people; demand forhigher taxes for people with high incomes; opinion on taxes for peoplewith high income; justification of better medical supply and bettereducation for people with higher income; perception of class conflictsbetween social groups in the country (poor and rich people, workingclass and middle class, management and workers, people at the top ofsociety and people at the bottom); self-assessment and assessment ofthe family the respondent grew up in on a top-bottom-scale; socialposition compared to father (social mobility); salary criteria (scale:responsibility, education, needed support for family and children,quality of job performance or hard work at the job); feeling of a justpayment; characterisation of the actual and the desired social systemof the country, measured by classification on pyramid diagrams (imageof society).Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years ofschooling; highest education level; country specific education anddegree; current employment status (respondent and partner); hoursworked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner);supervising function at work; working for private or public sector orself-employed (respondent and partner); if self-employed: number ofemployees; trade union membership; earnings of respondent (countryspecific); family income (country specific); size of household;household composition; party affiliation (left-right); country specificparty affiliation; participation in last election; religiousdenomination; religious main groups; attendance of religious services;self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region (country specific); sizeof community (country specific); type of community: urban-rural area;country of origin or ethnic group affiliation; occupation status andprofession of respondent´s father and mother during the youth of therespondent (ISCO 88); number of books in the parental home during theyouth of the respondent (cultural resources); occupational status andprofession in the first job and the current job (ISCO 88 and workingtype); self-assessment of the social class; estimated amount of familywealth (monetary value of assets); work orientation:self-characterisation at this time and in the youth of the respondentconcerning his performance at work respectively at school. Additionally coded: administrative mode of data-collection; weightingfactor; case substitution

International Social Survey Programme: Social Inequality IV - ISSP 2009

Social inequality. Themes: Importance of social background, merit, discrimination, corruption and good relations as prerequisites for success in society (wealthy family, well-educated parents, good education, ambitions, hard working, knowing the right people, political connections, giving bribes, person´s race and religion, gender); attitude towards equality of educational opportunity in one´s country (corruption as criteria for social mobility, only students from the best secondary schools have a good chance to obtain a university education, only rich people can afford the costs of attending university, same chances for everyone to enter university, regardless of gender, ethnicity or social background); opinion about own salary: actual occupational earning is adequate; estimation of actual and reasonable earnings for occupational groups: doctor, chairman of a large national corporation, shop assistant, unskilled worker in a factory, cabinet minister in the national government; income differences are too large in the respondent´s country; responsibility of government to reduce income differences; government should provide a decent standard of living for the unemployed and spend less on benefits for poor people; demand for higher taxes for people with high incomes; opinion on taxes for people with high income; justification of better medical supply and better education for people with higher income; perception of class conflicts between social groups in the country (poor and rich people, working class and middle class, management and workers, people at the top of society and people at the bottom); self-assessment and assessment of the family the respondent grew up in on a top-bottom-scale; social position compared to father (social mobility); salary criteria (scale: responsibility, education, needed support for family and children, quality of job performance or hard work at the job); feeling of a just payment; characterisation of the actual and the desired social system of the country, measured by classification on pyramid diagrams (image of society). Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years of schooling; highest education level; country specific education and degree; current employment status (respondent and partner); hours worked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner); supervising function at work; working for private or public sector or self-employed (respondent and partner); if self-employed: number of employees; trade union membership; earnings of respondent (country specific); family income (country specific); size of household; household composition; party affiliation (left-right); country specific party affiliation; participation in last election; religious denomination; religious main groups; attendance of religious services; self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region (country specific); size of community (country specific); type of community: urban-rural area; country of origin or ethnic group affiliation; occupation status and profession of respondent´s father and mother during the youth of the respondent (ISCO 88); number of books in the parental home during the youth of the respondent (cultural resources); occupational status and profession in the first job and the current job (ISCO 88 and working type); self-assessment of the social class; estimated amount of family wealth (monetary value of assets); work orientation: self-characterisation at this time and in the youth of the respondent concerning his performance at work respectively at school. Additionally coded: administrative mode of data-collection; weighting factor; case substitution

International Social Survey Programme: Religion I-III ADD ON - ISSP 1991-1998-2008

The release of the cumulated ISSP ´Religion´ modules for the years 1991, 1998 and 2008 consists of two separate datasets: ZA5070 and ZA5071. This documentation deals with the supplementary dataset ZA5071. It contains all those, mainly national-specific background variables that belong to the current ISSP standard, but could not be cumulated for various reasons. The variables, however, can be matched easily to the cumulated file if necessary. A comprehensive overview on the contents, the structure and basic coding rules of both data files can be found in the following guide: Guide for the ISSP ´Religion´ cumulation of the years 1991, 1998 and 2008 Religion - (non-cumulated background variables of the individual modules) Variables for all countries and modules if available: country-specific education and degree; country-specific occupation (respondent as well as partner); earnings of respondent (country specific); family income (country-specific); country-specific party affiliation; size of community (country-specific); country of origin or ethnic group affiliation (country-specific); type of community: urban-rural area. Single variables: spouse’s working for private or public sector or self-employed 2008; self-placement on a top-bottom scale 2008, administrative mode of data-collection 2008, case substitution flag 2008

International Social Survey Programme: Religion I-III - ISSP 1991-1998-2008

The release of the cumulated ISSP ´Religion´ modules for the years 1991, 1998 and 2008 consists of two separate datasets: ZA5070 and ZA5071. This documentation deals with the main dataset ZA5070. It contains all the cumulated variables, while the supplementary data file ZA5071 contains those variables that could not be cumulated for various reasons. However, they can be matched easily to the cumulated file if necessary. A comprehensive overview on the contents, the structure and basic coding rules of both data files can be found in the following guide: Guide for the ISSP ´Religion´ cumulation of the years 1991, 1998 and 2008 Content: attitudes towards religion. Topics: Assessment of personal happiness; responsibility of government for providing jobs and reduction of the difference between rich and poor; attitudes towards pre-marital sexual intercourse; attitudes towards committed adultery; attitudes towards homosexual relationships between adults; attitudes towards abortion in case of serious disability or illness of the baby or low income of the family; attitudes towards gender roles in marriage; attitude towards tax fraud and incorrect information to get benefits from government; trust in institutions (parliament, business and industry, churches and religious organizations, courts and the legal system, schools and the educational system); attitudes towards the influence of religious leaders on voters and government; judgement on the power of churches and religious organizations; doubt or firm belief in God (deism, scale); belief in: a life after death, heaven, hell, religious miracles; attitudes towards the Bible (or appropriate holy book); attitudes towards a higher truth and towards meaning of life (scale: God is concerned with every human being personally, little that people can do to change the course of their lives (fatalism), life is meaningful only because God exists, life does not serve any purpose, life is only meaningful if someone provides the meaning himself); we each make our own fate; turning point in life and new commitment to religion; religious preference (affiliation) of mother, father and spouse/partner; religion respondent was raised in; frequency of church attendance (of attendance in religious services) of father and mother when the respondent was a child; personal frequency of church attendance at the age of 11-12; frequency of prayers and participation in religious activities; self-assessment as religious; belief in lucky charms, fortune tellers, faith healers and horoscopes; born again experience; concept of God (semantic differential scale: mother - father, master - spouse, judge - lover, friend - king); world image: much evil vs. much good, man is good vs. corrupt; people can be trusted; attitudes towards the benefits of science and religion (scale: modern science does more harm than good, too much trust in science and not enough in religious faith, religions bring more conflicts than peace, intolerance of people with very strong religious beliefs); attitude towards truth in religion (very litte truth in any religion, basic truths in many religions or truth only in one religion); attitude if law conflicts with religious principles. Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years of schooling; highest education level; current employment status (respondent and partner); hours worked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner); supervising function at work; working for private or public sector or self-employed; number of employees; trade union membership; size of household; household composition; party affiliation (left-right); participation in last election; attendance of religious services; religious main groups; subjective social class; region (country-specific). Additionally coded: weighting factor