Those Rights and Responsibilities by Harold Benjamin, UND Commencement: June 8, 1937

Text of speech delivered by Harold Benjamin at the UND Commencement on June 8, 1937. Benjamin was the Director of the Center for Continuation Study at the University of Minnesota. He entitled his remarks: Those Rights and Responsibilities

Framework for a system to model casino development

The purpose of this study is to develop a system to model casino development without the user\u27s need for information from architects, contractors or consultants. The target user would be a casino executive who had business experience, but minimal real estate development experience. Successful modeling would be based upon a favorable ratio of developmental costs to income projections known as Return on Investment (ROI). In this study factors used to calculate ROI for casino development projects were analyzed by examination of actual ROI calculations that were previously performed by experienced casino executives who had support from architect, contractors and consultants. The analysis started with the mathematical equations of ROI calculations and with identifying the key elements that led to the ROI projections. The factors were all carefully studied and detailed information was determined that was used to establish a system framework. The process to determine developmental costs and income projections was identified and illustrated through the creation of Data Flow Diagrams. Research determined that the system needed two distinct subsections. The first sub-system, a business system, would need to generate a complete set of financial statements. The second sub-system, a construction developmental system, would need to be capable of processing a complete detailed project budget. This information was used to create a basic simulation system for a framework to model casino development. The study provides a concept, plan and framework for future research and building of a fully functioning system

Nonlinear two-dimensional terahertz photon echo and rotational spectroscopy in the gas phase

Ultrafast two-dimensional spectroscopy utilizes correlated multiple light-matter interactions for retrieving dynamic features that may otherwise be hidden under the linear spectrum. Its extension to the terahertz regime of the electromagnetic spectrum, where a rich variety of material degrees of freedom reside, remains an experimental challenge. Here we report ultrafast two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy of gas-phase molecular rotors at room temperature. Using time-delayed terahertz pulse pairs, we observe photon echoes and other nonlinear signals resulting from molecular dipole orientation induced by three terahertz field-dipole interactions. The nonlinear time-domain orientation signals are mapped into the frequency domain in two-dimensional rotational spectra which reveal J-state-resolved nonlinear rotational dynamics. The approach enables direct observation of correlated rotational transitions and may reveal rotational coupling and relaxation pathways in the ground electronic and vibrational state.Comment: 31 pages, 14 figure

Join, select, and insert: efficient out-of-core algorithms for hierarchical segmentation trees

Binary Partition Hierarchies (BPH) and minimum spanning trees are fundamental data structures involved in hierarchical analysis such as quasi-flat zones or watershed. However, classical BPH construction algorithms require to have the whole data in memory, which prevent the processing of large images that cannot fit entirely in the main memory of the computer. To cope with this problem, an algebraic framework leading to a high level calculus was introduced allowing an out-of-core computation of BPHs. This calculus relies on three operations: select, join, and insert. In this article, we introduce three efficient algorithms to perform these operations providing pseudo-code and complexity analysis

ANALYSIS OF A SEMI-SUPERVISED LEARNING APPROACH TO INTRUSION DETECTION

This thesis addresses the use of a semi-supervised learning (SSL) method in an intrusion detection setting. Specifically, this thesis illustrates the potential benefits and difficulties of using a cluster-then-label (CTL) SSL approach to classify stealth scanning in network flow metadata. A series of controlled tests were performed to show that, in certain situations, a CTL SSL approach could perform comparable to a supervised learner with a fraction of the development effort. This study also balances these findings with pragmatic issues like labeling, noise and feature encoding. While CTL demonstrated accuracy, research is still needed before practical implementations are a reality. The contributions of this work are 1) one of the first studies in the application of SSL in intrusion detection, illustrating the challenges of applying a CTL approach to domain with imbalanced class distributions; 2) the creation of a new intrusion detection dataset; 3) validation of previously established technique

Persistence of bubble outlets in soft, methane-generating sediments

Sediments submerged beneath many inland waterways and shallow oceans emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas, but the magnitude of the methane flux to the atmosphere remains poorly constrained. In many settings, the majority of methane is released through bubbling, and the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of this ebullition both presents challenges for measurement and impacts bubble dissolution and atmospheric emissions. Here we present laboratory-scale experiments of methane ebullition in a controlled incubation of reconstituted sediments from a eutrophic lake. Image analysis of a 0.14 m2 sediment surface area allowed identification of individual bubble outlets and resolved their location to ∼1 cm. While ebullition events were typically concentrated in bursts lasting ∼2 min, some major outlets showed persistent activity over the scale of days and even months. This persistence was surprising given the previously observed ephemerality of spatial structure at the field scale. This persistence suggests that, at the centimeter scale, conduits are reopened as a result of a drop in tensile strength due to deformation of sediments by the rising bubbles. The mechanistic insight from this work sheds light on the spatiotemporal distribution of methane venting from organic-rich sediments and has important implications for bubble survival in the water column and associated biogeochemical pathways of methane.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (1045193)United States. Department of Energy (DE-FE0013999