On Geometric Variational Models for Inpainting Surface Holes

Geometric approaches for filling-in surface holes are introduced and studied in this paper. The basic idea is to represent the surface of interest in implicit form, and fill-in the holes with a scalar, or systems of, geometric partial differential equations, often derived from optimization principles. These equations include a system for the joint interpolation of scalar and vector fields, a Laplacian-based minimization, a mean curvature diffusion flow, and an absolutely minimizing Lipschitz extension. The theoretical and computational framework, as well as examples with synthetic and real data, are presented in this paper

Caracterización y Tipificación De La Cadena Agroproductiva Del Cultivo De Maracuyá (passiflora edulis L) Pedernales, Manabí, Ecuador/Characterization and Typification of the Agroproductive Chain of Maracuya Cultivation (passiflora edulis L) Pedernales, M

La cadena agroproductiva de maracuyá (passiflora edulis L), se desarrolla en la costa ecuatoriana, destacando la calidad de producto en sus dos variedades amarilla y roja. El objetivo de esta investigación es realizar la caracterización y tipificación, analizando aspectos agroproductivos, socioeconómicos y comercio en las parroquias 10 de Agosto, Atahualpa y Cojimíes pertenecientes al cantón Pedernales, en cual cuenta con 266 productores de Maracuyá, abarcando una extensión de 532 hectáreas, la muestra constituye 20 fincas productoras, aplicando la metodología exploratoria, descriptiva y analítica, de evaluación insitú, obteniendo que el género masculino es el predominante en el manejo y responsabilidad de finca (100%), (90%) residen en la finca, cuentan con un nivel de estudios mayormente de escolaridad (75%), nivel sociorganizativo (15%) pertenecen alguna organización constituida legalmente, la tenencia de tierra representa un (25%) 1 - 5 ha, (25%) más de 26 ha, (20%) 6 - 10 ha, (15%) 11 - 15 ha y (15%) 16 - 25 ha, utilizan mano de obra adicional (40%), el tipo agricultura (90%) convencional, (10%) manejo orgánico, (55%), posee más de 3 cultivos en producción, ocupando el (75%) agua de rio, un (50%) realizan riego por surcos, la producción anual en Cojimíes representa (19 ha), con 27000 kg/ano, 10 de agosto (14 ha), con 24200 kg/año, Atahualpa (6 ha), con 5900 kg/año, el (74%) cultiva la variedad amarillo, (26%) variedad rojo morado, (100%) realizan actividades de pos cosecha el (85%) los ingresos mensuales provienen de agricultura (75%), (20%) crianza de animales; y (5%) del comercio. The agro-productive chain of passion fruit (passiflora edulis L), is developed on the Ecuadorian coast, highlighting the quality of the product in its two yellow and red varieties. The objective of this research is to characterize and typify, analyzing agroproductive, socioeconomic and trade aspects in the parishes 10 de Agosto, Atahualpa and Cojimíes belonging to the canton Pedernales, which has 266 Maracuyá producers, covering an area of 532 hectares, the sample constitutes 20 producing farms, applying the exploratory, descriptive and analytical methodology, of insitu evaluation, obtaining that the masculine gender is the predominant one in the management and responsibility of the farm (100%), (90%) they reside in the farm, they count With a level of education mostly of schooling (75%), socio-organizational level (15%) belong some legally constituted organization, land ownership represents one (25%) 1 - 5 ha, (25%) more than 26 ha, (20%) 6 - 10 ha, (15%) 11 - 15 ha and (15%) 16 - 25 ha, use additional labor (40%), the agriculture type (90%) conventional, (10%) management organic, (55%), owns more than 3 crops in production, occupying (75%) river water, one (50%) irrigate by furrows, the annual production in Cojimies represents (19 ha), with 27000 kg / year, August 10 (14 ha), with 24200 kg / year, Atahualpa (6 ha), with 5900 kg / year, (74%) cultivates the yellow variety, (26%) purple red variety, (100%) carry out post-harvest activities (85%) the monthly income comes from agriculture (75%), (20%) raising animals; and (5%) of commerce. Palabras clave: Caracterización, Tipificación, Cadena, Agro productiva, Maracuyá. Keywords: Characterization, Typification, chain, agro productive, passion fruit

Cadena Agroproductiva Del Cultivo De Mora En La Parroquia El Altar, Chimborazo-Ecuador/Blackberry Crop Agroproductive Chain in El Altar Parish, Chimborazo-Ecuador

Ecuador es un país considerado eminentemente agrícola, esta actividad es primordial en el ejes de desarrollo del país en especial en el ámbito económico como en la seguridad alimentaria. El Ecuador atraviesa un cambio de la estructura productiva, donde su objetivo principal es la sustitución de importaciones por exportaciones, y así también la generación de valor agregado, dentro de la cual está inmersa la agricultura, como parte de la dinamización de territorios rurales. Dicha actividad cumple un rol primordial en el desarrollo económico del país, el mismo que está estrechamente relacionado con el cambio de la estructura productiva y consecuentemente con sus cadenas de producción. El Altar es una parroquia rural del cantón Penipe, provincia de Chimborazo, la misma que por su ubicación geográfica, posee varios climas desde el subtropical hasta el frío del páramo, esto ha permitido el desarrollo de la agricultura, siendo el cultivo de “mora” una actividad fundamental a la cual se dedican los habitantes de la parroquia. Es así que, a partir del análisis de la demanda, análisis de la competencia y cálculo de la demanda objetiva, se determina la aceptación que tienen las familias de Riobamba para consumir la mora de la parroquia El Altar, así también la posibilidad que tienen los productores de la parroquia para ampliar su nicho de mercado, y la rentabilidad que obtiene el vendedor al comercializar este producto, en base a éste análisis y partiendo del modelo territorial actual, desde un enfoque netamente de producción, se diseña una propuesta de un modelo de gestión, mismo que tiene como objetivos: mejorar la producción agrícola, generar valor agregado a la producción de mora e introducir nuevos mercados para su comercialización. Ecuador is a country considered primarily agricultural, this activity is paramount in the axis of development of the country, especially in the economic sphere as in food security. Ecuador is going through a change in the productive structure, where its main objective is the substitution of imports for exports, as well as the generation of added value, within which agriculture is immersed, as part of the revitalization of rural territories. This activity plays a key role in the economic development of the country, which is closely related to the change of the productive structure and consequently to its production chains. The Altar is a rural parish of Penipe canton, province of Chimborazo, the same that by its geographical location, has several climates from the subtropical to the cold of the páramo, this has allowed the development of agriculture, being the cultivation of ”mora” a fundamental activity to which the inhabitants of the parish dedicate themselves. Thus, from the analysis of the demand, analysis of the competition and calculation of the objective demand, the acceptance that the Riobamba families have to consume the arrears of the El Altar parish is determined, as well as the possibility that the producers of the parish to expand its market niche, and the profitability obtained by the seller when marketing this product, based on this analysis and based on the current territorial model, from a purely production approach, a proposal for a model of management, which aims to: improve agricultural production, generate added value for the production of arrears and introduce new markets for marketing. Palabras claves: Agroproductividad, desarrollo, económico, mora, El Altar. Keywords: Agroproductive, development, economic, blackberry, El Altar

TransPlanckian Particles and the Quantization of Time

Trans-Planckian particles are elementary particles accelerated such that their energies surpass the Planck value. There are several reasons to believe that trans-Planckian particles do not represent independent degrees of freedom in Hilbert space, but they are controlled by the cis-Planckian particles. A way to learn more about the mechanisms at work here, is to study black hole horizons, starting from the scattering matrix Ansatz. By compactifying one of the three physical spacial dimensions, the scattering matrix Ansatz can be exploited more efficiently than before. The algebra of operators on a black hole horizon allows for a few distinct representations. It is found that this horizon can be seen as being built up from string bits with unit lengths, each of which being described by a representation of the SO(2,1) Lorentz group. We then demonstrate how the holographic principle works for this case, by constructing the operators corresponding to a field in space-time. The parameter t turns out to be quantized in Planckian units, divided by the period R of the compactified dimension.Comment: 12 pages plain tex, 1 figur

Stochastic quantization and holographic Wilsonian renormalization group

We study relation between stochastic quantization and holographic Wilsonian renormalization group flow. Considering stochastic quantization of the boundary on-shell actions with the Dirichlet boundary condition for certain $AdS$ bulk gravity theories, we find that the radial flows of double trace deformations in the boundary effective actions are completely captured by stochastic time evolution with identification of the $AdS$ radial coordinate `$r$' with the stochastic time '$t$' as $r=t$. More precisely, we investigate Langevin dynamics and find an exact relation between radial flow of the double trace couplings and 2-point correlation functions in stochastic quantization. We also show that the radial evolution of double trace deformations in the boundary effective action and the stochastic time evolution of the Fokker-Planck action are the same. We demonstrate this relation with a couple of examples: (minimally coupled)massless scalar fields in $AdS_2$ and U(1) vector fields in $AdS_4$.Comment: 1+30 pages, a new subsection is added, references are adde

Gravity in the 3+1-Split Formalism II: Self-Duality and the Emergence of the Gravitational Chern-Simons in the Boundary

We study self-duality in the context of the 3+1-split formalism of gravity with non-zero cosmological constant. Lorentzian self-dual configurations are conformally flat spacetimes and have boundary data determined by classical solutions of the three-dimensional gravitational Chern-Simons. For Euclidean self-dual configurations, the relationship between their boundary initial positions and initial velocity is also determined by the three-dimensional gravitational Chern-Simons. Our results imply that bulk self-dual configurations are holographically described by the gravitational Chern-Simons theory which can either viewed as a boundary generating functional or as a boundary effective action.Comment: 25 pages; v2: minor improvements, references adde

A branch-point approximant for the equation of state of hard spheres

Using the first seven known virial coefficients and forcing it to possess two branch-point singularities, a new equation of state for the hard-sphere fluid is proposed. This equation of state predicts accurate values of the higher virial coefficients, a radius of convergence smaller than the close-packing value, and it is as accurate as the rescaled virial expansion and better than the Pad\'e [3/3] equations of state. Consequences regarding the convergence properties of the virial series and the use of similar equations of state for hard-core fluids in $d$ dimensions are also pointed out.Comment: 6 pages, 4 tables, 3 figures; v2: enlarged version, extension to other dimensionalities; v3: typos in references correcte

Superflares on Ordinary Solar-Type Stars

Short duration flares are well known to occur on cool main-sequence stars as well as on many types of `exotic' stars. Ordinary main-sequence stars are usually pictured as being static on time scales of millions or billions of years. Our sun has occasional flares involving up to $\sim 10^{31}$ ergs which produce optical brightenings too small in amplitude to be detected in disk-integrated brightness. However, we identify nine cases of superflares involving $10^{33}$ to $10^{38}$ ergs on normal solar-type stars. That is, these stars are on or near the main-sequence, are of spectral class from F8 to G8, are single (or in very wide binaries), are not rapid rotators, and are not exceedingly young in age. This class of stars includes many those recently discovered to have planets as well as our own Sun, and the consequences for any life on surrounding planets could be profound. For the case of the Sun, historical records suggest that no superflares have occurred in the last two millennia.Comment: 16 pages, accepted for publication in Ap

Comment on "Quantum mechanics of smeared particles"

In a recent article, Sastry has proposed a quantum mechanics of smeared particles. We show that the effects induced by the modification of the Heisenberg algebra, proposed to take into account the delocalization of a particle defined via its Compton wavelength, are important enough to be excluded experimentally.Comment: 2 page