Common Fixed Point Theorems in Non-archimedean Fuzzy Metric Spaces

The aim of this paper is to define the concept of weakly comparable multi-valued mappings. Also we obtain some common fixed point theorems for pairs of weakly comparable multi-valued mappings in ordered non-Archimedean fuzzy metric space

Lesion-Based Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases Using Deep Learning and Red Deer Optimization

Nowadays, cardiovascular disease is a very concerning health issue in human life. Medical imaging through MRI plays an important role in the detection of many diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive and sophisticated diagnostic tool for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that allows for full visualization of the heart and blood vessels. Through Magnetic resonance imaging, we get high-quality images of blood vessels, which helps in detecting various types of heart-related diseases. With the help of MRI, we can detect various types of heart-related diseases. It also gives us information about their early diagnosis and their preventive measures. Deep learning and its advanced features are proving to be very helpful in this work. Deep learning has brought many new changes in this field. The article presents the Red Deer Optimizer with Deep Learning (ACVD-RDODL) algorithm for automated cardiovascular disease identification using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The primary goal of the proposed approach is to use Deep Learning models on cardiac MRI to detect Cardiovascular issues. The dynamic histogram equalisation (DHE) based noise removal model is used in the given approach to pre-process the images. Additionally, the Attention Based Convolutional Gated Recurrent Unit Network (ACGRU) model is used in this approach to classify Cardiovascular diseas

Markedly disturbed sleep in medically refractory compared to controlled epilepsy – A clinical and polysomnography study

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate sleep disturbances or sleep related events and their characteristics among patients with medically refractory epilepsy, compared to those with controlled epilepsy.MethodsIn a prospective case-controlled study, patients of medically refractory and controlled epilepsy were recruited and history pertaining to epilepsy and sleep related events and Epworth sleepiness scores were recorded and all patients underwent over night polysomnography.ResultsAmong 40 patients, 20 with medically refractory (Group 1) and 20 with controlled epilepsy (Group 2) (median age 18, range 10–35 years), the self reported sleep parameters in Group 1 patients were found to be significantly different as compared to Group 2, in terms of the duration of night time sleep, day time sleep, day time nap frequency, total sleep hours per day, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)(45% vs. 15%) and average sleep hours over the week prior to polysomnography. On PSG, Group 1 patients showed significantly less total sleep time [340.4min (147–673) vs. 450.3min (330–570)] with delayed sleep latency and REM latency, poor sleep efficiency [80.45 (40.5–98.0) vs. 95.45 (88.4–99.7)] and frequent arousals and wake after sleep onset (WASO) compared to Group 2 patients. Four patients (20%) in Group 1 compared to none in Group 2 were found to have mild obstructive sleep apnea.ConclusionsOur results indicate that medically refractory epilepsy patients believe that they spend more time sleeping, in contrast to the documented shorter sleep duration on polysomnography. This difference between perceived and actual sleep seems, by their data, to arise mainly from sleep fragmentation, disturbed architecture and the interesting finding of associated sleep apnea among the medically refractory epilepsy patients

Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of deaths in adults in the western world. Elevated levels of certain blood lipids have been reported to be the principal cause of cardiovascular disease and other disabilities in developed countries. Several animal and clinical trials have shown a positive association between cholesterol levels and the risks of coronary heart disease. Current dietary strategies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease advocate adherence to low-fat/low-saturated-fat diets. Although there is no doubt that, in experimental conditions, low-fat diets offer an effective means of reducing blood cholesterol concentrations on a population basis, these appear to be less effective, largely due to poor compliance, attributed to low palatability and acceptability of these diets to the consumers. Due to the low consumer compliance, attempts have been made to identify other dietary components that can reduce blood cholesterol levels. Supplementation of diet with fermented dairy products or lactic acid bacteria containing dairy products has shown the potential to reduce serum cholesterol levels. Various approaches have been used to alleviate this issue, including the use of probiotics, especially Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.. Probiotics, the living microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts, have received much attention on their proclaimed health benefits which include improvement in lactose intolerance, increase in natural resistance to infectious disease in gastrointestinal tract, suppression of cancer, antidiabetic, reduction in serum cholesterol level, and improved digestion. In addition, there are numerous reports on cholesterol removal ability of probiotics and their hypocholesterolemic effects. Several possible mechanisms for cholesterol removal by probiotics are assimilation of cholesterol by growing cells, binding of cholesterol to cellular surface, incorporation of cholesterol into the cellular membrane, deconjugation of bile via bile salt hydrolase, coprecipitation of cholesterol with deconjugated bile, binding action of bile by fibre, and production of short-chain fatty acids by oligosaccharides. The present paper reviews the mechanisms of action of anti-cholesterolemic potential of probiotic microorganisms and probiotic food products, with the aim of lowering the risks of cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases

Comparative analysis of MTP -493G/T and ABCG2 34G/A polymorphisms and theirs expression in HIV-associated lipodystrophy patients

HIV-associated lipodystrophy (HIVLD) is a metabolic condition with an irregularity in the production of lipoprotein particles, and its occurrence varies among HIV-infected patients. MTP and ABCG2 genes have a role in the transport of lipoproteins. The polymorphisms of MTP -493G/T and ABCG2 34G/A affect its expression and influence the secretion and transportation of lipoproteins. Hence, we investigated the MTP -493G/T and ABCG2 34G/A polymorphisms in 187 HIV-infected patients (64 with HIVLD and 123 without HIVLD) along with 139 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism and expression analysis using real-time PCR. ABCG2 34A allele showed an insignificantly reduced risk of LDHIV severity [P = 0.07, odds ratio (OR) = 0.55]. MTP -493T allele exhibited a non-significantly reduced risk for the development of dyslipidemia (P = 0.08, OR = 0.71). In patients with HIVLD, the ABCG2 34GA genotype was linked with impaired low-density lipoprotein levels and showed a reduced risk for LDHIV severity (P = 0.04, OR = 0.17). In patients without HIVLD, the ABCG2 34GA genotype was associated with impaired triglyceride levels with marginal significance and showed an increased risk for the development of dyslipidemia (P = 0.07, OR = 2.76). The expression level of MTP gene was 1.22-fold decreased in patients without HIVLD compared with that in patients with HIVLD. ABCG2 gene was upregulated 2.16-fold in patients with HIVLD than in patients without HIVLD. In conclusion, MTP -493C/T polymorphism influences the expression level of MTP in patients without HIVLD. Individuals without HIVLD having ABCG2 34GA genotype with impaired triglyceride levels may facilitate dyslipidemia risk

A Prospective Study to Assess Early Neonatal Morbidities in Early Term Neonates Admitted in NICU/SNCU of District Hospital

Background: Although preterm babies are a category known for its high mortality and diverse morbidities, the overall incidence of prematurity related complications decreases significantly with increasing gestational age. The present prospective study was conducted to assess early neonatal morbidities in early term neonates admitted in NICU/SNCU of district hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study to assess early neonatal morbidities in early term neonates admitted in NICU/SNCU of district hospital. A consecutive 750 intramural newborns were examined. Morbidities of the early term and full-term babies within the first seven days of life were observed. All the babies included in the study were examined at birth, after 24 hours, after 48 hours and daily up to seven days. The recorded data was compiled, and data analysis was done using SPSS Version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the present study 750 term babies constituted in the study population. Out of the total 750 population included in the study, 227 were early term (30.26%) and 523(69.73%) were full terms. Among the study population most of the babies were 39 weeks of gestational age (30.66%) and the least being 37 weeks (12.4%). NICU/SNCU admission rates were higher for babies born at an earlier gestational age (15.85% v/s 8.6%) than babies born later. Incidence of morbidities like jaundice requiring phototherapy (6.6% v/s 2.86%), need for resuscitation (7.04% v/s 3.44%), hypoglycemia on admission (5.28% v/s 1.72%), respiratory morbidities (2.86% v/s 1.72%), need for mechanical ventilation (2.2% v/s 0.95%), clinical sepsis (7.04% v/s 3.05%), confirmed sepsis (4.5% v/s 1.72%), need for intravenous antibiotics (11.01% v/s 5.35%), need for intravenous fluid (12.77% v/s 6.30%) were significantly higher in early terms than full terms during the first one week of life. Conclusion: The present study concluded that early term babies were 30.26% and 69.73% were full terms. NICU/SNCU admission rates were higher for babies born at an earlier gestational age than babies born later

TLR7 Polymorphism (rs179008 and rs179009) in HIV-Infected Individual Naïve to ART

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate immune response to HIV infection. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TLR7 (Gln11Leu) gene has been associated with a rapid decline of CD4T cell count. Hence, we assessed the TLR7 (rs179008, Gln11Leu (A/T) and rs179009, IVS2-151 (A/G)) polymorphism in 150 HIV-infected individuals naïve to ART and 158 healthy controls. The genotyping of TLR7 Gln11Leu (A/T) and IVS2-151 (A/G) polymorphisms was done using the PCR-RFLP method. In univariate analysis, none of the genotype and haplotype of TLR7 Gln11Leu (A/T) and IVS2-151 (A/G) polymorphism differed significantly between HIV-infected individuals and healthy controls. The occurrence of TLR7 rs179009AG genotype in the codominant model and rs179009 AG-GG genotype in the dominant model was significantly reduced in HIV-infected individuals as compared to healthy controls (18.0% vs. 29.1%, OR=0.42, P=0.016; 26.7% vs. 36.7%, OR=0.52, P=0.016). TLR7 rs179009AG genotype was significantly underrepresented in the intermediate HIV disease stage compared with healthy controls (OR=0.03, P=0.04). TLR7 rs179009AG genotype expressed higher in tobacco-consuming HIV-infected individuals compared with nonusers (OR=1.71, P=0.47). In conclusion, rs179009 AG-GG and AG genotypes were found reduced in HIV-infected individuals as compared to healthy controls; their higher prevalence in health individuals clearly support that they are associated with reduced risk of acquisition of HIV-1 infection

A Hospital Based Prospective Study to Assess the Various Bacterial Diseases Among Children Visited in Hospital

Background: Serious infections are usually defined as serious bacterial infections: pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, pyelonephritis, bacterial gastro-enteritis, osteomyelitis and cellulitis. The present study was done to Assess the Various Bacterial Diseases Among Children Visited in Hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done to Assess the Various Bacterial Diseases Among Children Visited in Hospital. The sample size was 190 patients. After obtaining consent, a standardized pre-defined questionnaire containing clinical history and physical examination was filled in. The presence of SBI was confirmed using criteria. The recorded data was compiled, and data analysis was done using SPSS Version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The present study showed that the sample size for the study was 190 patients. in maximum patients’ viral fever was present (32.10%). Bronchopnemonia was present in 19.47% followed by UTI (14.73%). Conclusion: The present study conclude that showed that in maximum patients’ viral fever was present (32.10%). Bronchopnemonia was present in 19.47% followed by UTI (14.73%)