Valuasi Ekonomi Penambangan Sumberdaya Belerang Kawah Ijen, Desa Tamansari, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Provinsi Jawa Timur

Gunungapi Ijen tidak hanya dikenal dengan pemandangan danau kawahnya yang indah, namun juga dikenal karena penambangan belerangnya yang unik. Penambangan merupakan kegiatan yang dapat menimbulkan manfaat maupun dampak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui nilai manfaat dan dampak penambangan tersebut serta (2) menghitung nilai kelayakan penambangan belerang Gunungapi Ijen. Penilaian manfaat dan dampak penambangan belerang dilakukan dengan metode valuasi ekonomi. Nilai moneter yang dihasilkan oleh kegiatan penambangan belerang disebut Nilai Ekonomi Total (NET) penambangan belerang. Penilaian kelayakan penambangan dilakukan menggunakan Analisis Biaya Manfaat dengan tiga macam perhitungan, yaitu NPV, BCRn dan IRR.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Nilai Ekonomi Total (NET) kegiatan penambangan sumberdaya belerang di Gunungapi Ijen mencapai Rp4.293.452.548,96/tahun. Berdasarkan nilai ini, penambangan sumberdaya belerang di Gunungapi Ijen dinilai bermanfaat. Kegiatan penambangan ini pun layak untuk dilanjutkan berdasarkan nilai NPV, BCRn dan IRR yang memenuhi standar kelayakan. Pengelolaan kegiatan penambangan yang baik diperlukan untuk memaksimalkan pengelolaan penambangan yang berkelanjutan

Role of Rhizome Powder of Turmeric in the management of Madhumeha w.s.r. to Diabetes Mellitus - A Case Study

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with disturbances of carbohydrates, fat, protein metabolism due to absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion, that metabolic disorder is considered as the Madhumeha in Ayurveda based on their symptoms. It is one of the types of Vataja Prameha. It results from various etiological factors. Here objective was to evaluate the efficacy of Ayurveda treatment in management of Madhumeha. A 35years old male came to SDM College of Ayurveda Hospital Kayachikitsa special OPD with complaint of Prabhoothamutra, Karapada Daha, Avila Mutrata and Kshudaathi Pravrthi. Examination, investigations and history leads to diabetes mellitus. So patient was treated with Haridra Choorna, Pathya, Apathya and Yogasananas. Ayurveda treatment has effective results in the management of Madhumeha by single drug administration orally

Clinical Spectrum of Stiff Person Syndrome: A Review of Recent Reports

Background: “Classic” stiff person syndrome (SPS) features stiffness, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies, and other findings. Anti-GAD antibodies are also detected in some neurological syndromes (such as ataxia) in which stiffness is inconsistently present. Patients with otherwise “classic” SPS may either lack anti-GAD antibodies or be seropositive for others. Hence, SPS cases appear to fall within a clinical spectrum that includes conditions such as progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), which exhibits brainstem and autonomic features. We have compiled herein SPS-spectrum cases reported since 2010, and have segregated them on the basis of likely disease mechanism (autoimmune, paraneoplastic, or cryptogenic) for analysis. Methods: The phrases “stiff person syndrome”, “PERM”, “anti-GAD antibody syndrome”, and “glycine receptor antibody neurological disorders” were searched for in PubMed in January 2015. The results were narrowed to 72 citations after excluding non-English and duplicate reports. Clinical descriptions, laboratory data, management, and outcomes were categorized, tabulated, and analyzed. Results: Sixty-nine autoimmune, 19 paraneoplastic, and 13 cryptogenic SPS-spectrum cases were identified. SPS was the predominant diagnosis among the groups. Roughly two-thirds of autoimmune and paraneoplastic cases were female. Anti-GAD antibodies were most frequently identified, followed by anti-amphiphysin among paraneoplastic cases and by anti-glycine receptor antibodies among autoimmune cases. Benzodiazepines were the most commonly used medications. Prognosis seemed best for cryptogenic cases; malignancy worsened that of paraneoplastic cases. Discussion: Grouping SPS-spectrum cases by pathophysiology provided insights into work-up, treatment, and prognosis. Ample phenotypic and serologic variations are present within the categories. Ruling out malignancy and autoimmunity is appropriate for suspected SPS-spectrum cases

Perancangan Dan Pembuatan Case Tool Software Testing Menggunakan Metode Static Data Flow Analysis (Studi Kasus Pogram Berbasis C++)

Penentuan kualitas atau mutu suatu perangkat lunak mutlak diperlukan. Kualitas suatu perangkat lunak dapat dinyatakan baik bila telah sesuai dengan requirement pengguna tanpa mengabaikan segi strukturalnya. Dengan tidak mengabaikan fungsional program, uji coba struktural juga harus dilakukan karena uji coba fungsional tak mampu menangani hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan struktural program.. Uji coba fungsional tidak dapat menentukan apakah suatu bagian program telah dieksekusi atau tidak. Dengan demikian, program yang tidak dieksekusi selama pengujian akan tersembunyi dalam package program dan bila didalamnya terdapat kesalahan maka kesalahan tersebut akan tersembunyi dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Data flow analysis adalah suatu metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dalam program tanpa mengeksekusi program yang diuji coba. Metode ini merupakan bagian dari metode pengujian secara structural yang sangat efektif untuk menemukan kesalahan yang berupa data flow anomaly dengan cara memeriksa kode program. Dengan metode ini, seluruh pernyataan program yang diuji coba akan dianalisa. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahapan. Yang dilakukan pertama kali adalah melakukan parsing terhadap file input untuk dijadikan file teks dengan format tertentu yang sudah terpisah menjadi token yang dapat berdiri sendiri. Selanjutnya akan diambil daftar nama fungsi dalam program untuk dijadikan input fungsi. Selanjutnya isi fungsi input akan direpresentasikan menjadi sebuah graph. Dari graph inilah dapat dicari keberadaan data flow anomaly dalam fungsi dan dibuat visualisasi aliran program dalam suatu control flow graph. Tahap terakhir yang dilakukan adalah uji coba dan evaluasi. Dari uji coba dan evaluasi yang dilakukan pada berbagai macam jenis fungsi, baik fungsi sederhana yang hanya melibatkan pernyataan-pernyataan sekuensial, fungsi yang melibatkan percabangan, Perulangan maupun fungsi yang melibatkan pemanggilan terhadap fungsi lain didapatkan data flow anomaly maupun control flow graph dengan benar

A study on prescription analysis and utilization of antibiotics in geriatric in-patients admitted in Shimoga institute of medical sciences tertiary care hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India

Background: Geriatrics is concerned with population aged 60 and above. Elderly suffer from various problems of the old age and hence prone to suffer from various adverse effects due to multiple drug use. In this regard rational use of drugs assumes importance. Hence the present study was conducted to study the rationality of prescriptions and utilization of antibiotics in the geriatric age group.Methods: 126 inpatient prescriptions were chosen and analysed for their rationality according to WHO core drug use indicators. The prescriptions were chosen randomly during the months of July to November 2013 from inpatients at district Mcgann teaching hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data.Results: 97% of total drugs prescribed were from essential drug list (EDL). Cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed group of antibiotics. Respiratory diseases were the maximum cause of admission to the hospital followed by cardiovascular diseases. Prescription by brand name was 57.93% while generic drug prescription was 40.65% of total drugs prescribed. 7.81% of total drugs were prescribed as fixed drug combination average of 6.25 drugs were prescribed per person and 1.39% of prescriptions were illegible.Conclusions: Most of drugs prescribed were from WHO model list of essential drugs which conforms to WHO rational drug use. Also prescription by generic name has to be emphasized to promote rationality of prescriptions. Antibiotic prescriptions should be preceded by microbiological testing wherever indicated and illegible prescriptions should be prevented at all costs. Adherence to guidelines regarding drug use in the elderly can help in rational drug use in elderly

PROFIL KEBUGARAN JASMANI PETUGAS KEBERSIHAN DI UNIVERSITAS: SERI KASUS

Salah satu profesi yang menuntut fisik dan profil kardiorespirasi yang baik adalah seorang petugas kebersihan, yang sangat dibutuhkan di sebagian besar sector, namun kesejahteraannya jarang mendapat perhatian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran profil kardiorespirasi petugas kebersihan di kalangan perguruan tinggi, khususnya Universitas Indonesia. Dalam program pengabdian masyarakat berjudul “Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia Peduli 2019”, peneliti melakukan studi deskriptif dengan melibatkan 7 orang partisipan yang berprofesi sebagai petugas kebersihan. Wawancara singkat serta pemeriksaan fisik dan penilaian kardiorespirasi sederhana dengan metode uji jalan 6 menit dilakukan. Hasilnya, subjek perempuan menunjukan hasil yang lebih baik pada uji jalan 6 menit, Kapasitas fungsional pernapasan untuk laki-laki dan perempuan mendapatkan skor lebih rendah dari normal (FEV1 58.00±18%; FVC 59.71±8.71%; FEV1/FVC87.29±10%). Simpulan, petugas kebersihan berisiko pensiun dini, dan tidak dapat bekerja dengan baik tanpa pemberian intervensi komprehensif dan jangka panjang. Hal ini dapat menjadi sasaran bagi program rehabilitasi bagi pekerja.

Dietary Berries and Ellagic Acid Prevent Oxidative DNA Damage and Modulate Expression of DNA Repair Genes

DNA damage is a pre-requisite for the initiation of cancer and agents that reduce this damage are useful in cancer prevention. In this study, we evaluated the ability of whole berries and berry phytochemical, ellagic acid to reduce endogenous oxidative DNA damage. Ellagic acid was selected based on >95% inhibition of 8-oxodeoxyguosine (8-oxodG) and other unidentified oxidative DNA adducts induced by 4-hydroxy-17ß-estradiol and CuCl2 in vitro. Inhibition of the latter occurred at lower concentrations (10 μM) than that for 8-oxodG (100 μM). In the in vivo study, female CD-1 mice (n=6) were fed either a control diet or diet supplemented with ellagic acid (400 ppm) and dehydrated berries (5% w/w) with varying ellagic acid contents – blueberry (low), strawberry (medium) and red raspberry (high), for 3 weeks. Blueberry and strawberry diets showed moderate reductions in endogenous DNA adducts (25%). However, both red raspberry and ellagic acid diets showed a significant reduction of 59% (p < 0.001) and 48% (p < 0.01), respectively. Both diets also resulted in a 3–8 fold over-expression of genes involved in DNA repair such as xeroderma pigmentosum group A complementing protein (XPA), DNA excision repair protein (ERCC5) and DNA ligase III (DNL3). These results suggest that red raspberry and ellagic acid reduce endogenous oxidative DNA damage by mechanisms which may involve increase in DNA repair