PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS USING CODE CONVERTER APPROACH AND THE APPLICATION OF APPROXIMATE ENTROPY AS POST CLASSIFIER FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF EPILEPSY RISK LEVELS FROM EEG SIGNALS

ABSTRACTObjective: The electroencephalogram (EEG) is actually a measure of the cumulative firing of neurons in various parts of the brain. The EEG containsthe information with regard to the changes in the electrical potential of the brain which is obtained from a set of recording electrodes. The aim of thispaper is to give a performance analysis by considering the advantage of Code Converter technique and Approximated Entropy (ApEn) is used as a postclassifier for the classification of the epilepsy risk levels obtained from EEG signals.Methods: The Data Acquisition of EEG signals are done initially from the hospital. Then the code converter approach is presented, as working ondefinite alphabets is much easier when compared to that of working on numericals. Finally, ApEn is used as a Post Classifier for the classification ofepilepsy risk levels from EEG signals.Results: The Performance Index and Quality Values are the two important parameters that are used to assess the performance of the Code Convertersand the Classifier. The Perfect Classification rate of 83.94% is achieved along with an Accuracy of 91.97% and a Quality Value of 18.5.Conclusion: The computation of this procedure seems to be very simple and versatile. Future works may use different Dimensionality Reductiontechniques to analyze its performance with Approximated Entropy as Post Classifier.Keywords: Electroencephalogram signals, Code converter, Performance index, Quality values

'Schwinger Model' on the Fuzzy Sphere

In this paper, we construct a model of spinor fields interacting with specific gauge fields on fuzzy sphere and analyze the chiral symmetry of this 'Schwinger model'. In constructing the theory of gauge fields interacting with spinors on fuzzy sphere, we take the approach that the Dirac operator $D_q$ on q-deformed fuzzy sphere $S_{qF}^2$ is the gauged Dirac operator on fuzzy sphere. This introduces interaction between spinors and specific one parameter family of gauge fields. We also show how to express the field strength for this gauge field in terms of the Dirac operators $D_q$ and $D$ alone. Using the path integral method, we have calculated the $2n-$point functions of this model and show that, in general, they do not vanish, reflecting the chiral non-invariance of the partition function.Comment: Minor changes, typos corrected, 18 pages, to appear in Mod. Phys. Lett.

Massive Gauge Axion Fields

A gauge invariant formulation for the massive axion is considered. The axion acquires mass through a topological term which couples a (pseudo)scalar and a third rank antisymmetric tensor. Duality, local and canonical equivalences with the non-gauge invariant proposal are established. The supersymmetric version of the gauge invariant model is constructed.Comment: Final version. New references adde

Role of disulfides and sulfhydryl groups in agonist and antagonist binding in serotonin<SUB>1A</SUB> receptors from bovine hippocampus

1. The serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptors are members of a superfamily of seven-transmembrane- domain receptors that couple to G-proteins. They appear to be involved in various behavioral and cognitive functions. Mutagenesis and modeling studies point out that the ligand-binding sites in serotonin receptors are located in the transmembrane domain. However, these binding sites are not very well characterized. Since disulfide bonds and sulfhydryl groups have been shown to play vital roles in the assembly, organization, and function of various G-protein-coupled receptors, we report here the effect of disulfide and sulfhydryl group modifications on the agonist and antagonist binding activity of 5- HT1A receptors from bovine hippocampus. 2. DTT or NEM treatment caused a concentration-dependent reduction in specific binding of the agonist and antagonist in 5-HT1A receptors from bovine hippocampal native and solubilized membranes. This is supported by a concomitant reduction in binding affinity. 3. Pretreatment of the receptor with unlabeled ligands prior to chemical modifications indicate that the majority of disulfides or sulfhydryl groups that undergo modification giving rise to inhibition in binding activity could be at the vicinity of the ligand-binding sites. 4. In addition, ligand-binding studies in presence of GTP-&#947;-S, a nonhydrolyzable analogue of GTP, indicate that sulfhydryl groups (and disulfide bonds to a lesser extent) are vital for efficient coupling between the 5-HT1A receptor and the G-protein. 5. Our results point out that disulfide bonds and sulfhydryl groups could play an important role in ligand binding in 5-HT1A receptors

Electrodynamics on κ\kappa-Minkowski space-time

In this paper, we derive Lorentz force and Maxwell's equations on kappa-Minkowski space-time up to the first order in the deformation parameter. This is done by elevating the principle of minimal coupling to non-commutative space-time. We also show the equivalence of minimal coupling prescription and Feynman's approach. It is shown that the motion in kappa space-time can be interpreted as motion in a background gravitational field, which is induced by this non-commutativity. In the static limit, the effect of kappa deformation is to scale the electric charge. We also show that the laws of electrodynamics depend on the mass of the charged particle, in kappa space-time.Comment: 16 pages,minor changes, paragraph added on page 13, two new references added, to appear in Phys.Rev.

Gauge field theories with covariant star-product

A noncommutative gauge theory is developed using a covariant star-product between differential forms defined on a symplectic manifold, considered as the space-time. It is proven that the field strength two-form is gauge covariant and satisfies a deformed Bianchi identity. The noncommutative Yang-Mills action is defined using a gauge covariant metric on the space-time and its gauge invariance is proven up to the second order in the noncommutativity parameter.Comment: Dedicated to Ioan Gottlieb on the occasion of his 80th birthday anniversary. 12 page

Intelligent Buffer Management Algorithm to Prevent Packet loss in Mobile Adhoc Network

In a mobile ad hoc network, which is self-organized and operates without any fundamental infrastructure, packet transmission from the source node to the destination node is completed after sending the route request and route reply. A reliable path is then selected depending on the protocol choice.&nbsp; Data that the sender intends to deliver is broken up into packets and given sequence numbers before being transmitted over the channel. With the aid of an internal buffer that helps to receive packets and forward them to the next destination, each and every packet travels along the allotted path until it reaches its destination. If there is more traffic on the MANET, the buffer may overflow, which will result in packet loss during transmission..&nbsp; The source node must retransmit to the destination if any packets were lost during the initial transfer. This article proposes the Intelligent&nbsp; Buffer Management (IBM) active buffer management algorithm to prevent such a scenario by enhancing the MANET nodes' buffers to prevent packet loss. The Network Simulator is used to help build this suggested approach, and the results are compared to those of the current buffer management method to show that IBM is superior

Challenges on Missing Packet Detection or Packet Dropping Attacks in Mobile Adhoc Network -A Survey

Collection of wireless nodes forms together to communicate each other in the network without infrastructure less and any access point along with the characteristics of freedom in mobility is called Mobile Adhoc Network. Transmitting of packets from source to destination plays the vital role in MANET. When a Packet is not delivered properly at the destination , its affects the performance of the MANET.&nbsp; Due to this characteristics of the mobility nodes can subject to falls on the packet missing also the various packets dropping security attacks take part in the dropping the packets while communication to achieve the decreasing the performance of the MANET. This article focus on the survey about the missing packet assembly as well the packet dropping security attacks in MANET