12 research outputs found
A placenta vizsgálatának ajánlott módszertana és a vizsgálat javallatai. Módszertani javaslat = Recommendation for the pathological examination of the placenta: practical aspects and indications. Methodological recommendation
Absztrakt:
Bevezetés: A méhlepény patológiai feldolgozása Magyarországon
jelenleg kisszámú esetre korlátozódik, pedig a nemzetközi gyakorlat azt
bizonyĂtja, hogy számos esetben az in utero elhalás okának
megállapĂtásában, az ĂşjszĂĽlött postnatalis adaptáciĂłs zavarában, esetleg kĂ©sĹ‘bb
manifesztálódó betegség kimutatásában fontos információval szolgálhat. Fontos
jelzője a későbbi neurológiai defektusok kialakulásának.
Célkitűzés: A placenta vizsgálatának hazai gyakorlata
elmarad a nemzetközi gyakorlattól, ezért is van szükség a nemzetközi gyakorlat
átvételére, szakmai protokollok bevezetésére, indokolt esetben a patológiai
feldolgozás módjának meghatározására. A jelen munka hiánypótló, mivel hasonló
iránymutatással a magyar gyakorlatban nem találkozni. Módszer:
Az angolszász orvosi irodalomban számos kiváló tanulmány foglalkozik a témával,
melyek alapján jól használható ajánlások, útmutatók készültek. A „Placenta”
cĂmű, elĹ‘ször 1980-ban megjelent, 2 feletti impaktfaktorral bĂrĂł folyĂłirat e
kérdés jelentőségére utal. Eredmények: A szerzők a szülész és
neonatológus kollégáknak és a területen dolgozó egészségügyi szakembereknek a
kialakult, az angliai gyakorlaton alapuló mintaképet elemzik, bemutatva a Royal
College of Pathologists által ajánlottakat. Ennek szempontjait figyelembe véve
gyakorlati Ăştmutatást kĂvánnak nyĂşjtani a vizsgálat indikáciĂłinak ismertetĂ©sĂ©vel
és a jelentősebb klinikopatológiai összefüggések bemutatásával. A cikk végén
táblázatos formában mutatják be a releváns klinikopatológiai összefüggéseket.
Következtetés: A placenta vizsgálatától várható információ
értéke és kétségtelen klinikai haszna messze felülmúlja a szükséges anyagi
ráfordĂtást. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(48): 1894–1903.
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Abstract:
Introduction: According to the Hungarian law, placental
examination is not mandatory, although it is known from the international
practice that it can give valuable information in cases of stillbirth or in
conditions, where the neonate has difficulty in the postnatal adaptation.
Aim: It can be useful in the early detection of diseases,
which otherwise would have gone undetected until late in life. This article is
unique in Hungary, as no similar guideline exists in Hungarian language.
Method: The recommendation of the Royal College of
Pathologists (United Kingdom) determines those conditions where essential
information can be obtained from the placental examination in not normal
pregnancies. It serves as a useful guide in the medical practice. The journal
titled “Placenta”, first published in 1980 with impact factor above two, just
underlines this statement. Results: In this article, the
authors present the recent guideline of the RCPath and finish with the
presentation of established clinicopathological association that might help
clinicians to get the most valuable information from placental examination.
Conclusion: The present article aims to summarise updated
recommendations and present clinicopathological correlations. Orv Hetil. 2019;
160(48): 1894–1903
Döntési mechanizmusok a madarak viselkedésökológiájában: anyai eredetű biomolekulák környezetfüggő átvitele a petesejtbe = Decision marking in behaviour ecology of birds: maternal preference
Az öröklött tulajdonságok mellett az utĂłdok rátermettsĂ©gĂ©t a korai környezeti (anyai) hatások jelentĹ‘sen mĂłdosĂthatják. Madaraknál vizsgáltuk, hogy a tojĂł által a tojásba juttatott anyagok (ivari hormonok, vitaminok, karotinoidok, immunanyagok) hogyan segĂtik a fiĂłkák fejlĹ‘dĂ©sĂ©t ill. az anyagok allokáciĂłs mintázatát milyen (proximális Ă©s ultimális) változĂłk magyarázhatják. MegállapĂtottuk, hogy az örvös lĂ©gykapĂłnál a tojásmĂ©retet a környezeti tĂ©nyezĹ‘k Ă©s a tojĂł minĹ‘sĂ©ge, a tojás IgG-szintjĂ©t a tojĂł minĹ‘sĂ©ge prediktálta. A karotinoidok, az E- Ă©s A-vitamin, valamint a biliverdin (tojáshĂ©j pigment) deponálása a tojĂł párjának korátĂłl fĂĽggött. KompenzáciĂłs mechanizmusra utal, hogy a tapasztalatlan fiatal hĂmek fĂ©szekaljaiban a tojĂłk növeltĂ©k a tesztoszteront Ă©s az antioxidánsokat. KĂsĂ©rletesen bizonyĂtottuk, hogy a tesztoszteron depozĂciĂłjára hat, a karotinoidok Ă©s az IgG depozĂciĂłjára viszont nem hat a szociális környezet változása. Az örvös lĂ©gykapĂł tojások biopsziás vizsgálataibĂłl Ă©s japánfĂĽrj tojások hormonkoncentráciĂłjának kĂsĂ©rletes megemelĂ©sĂ©bĹ‘l arra következtethetĂĽnk, hogy a tojásokban lĂ©vĹ‘ androgĂ©nek (T, A4, DHT) rövid távon eltĂ©rĹ‘en hatnak az utĂłdok rátermettsĂ©gĂ©re. A kĂ©k cinegĂ©knĂ©l pozitĂv kapcsolatot találtunk a hĂmek egy ivari szignálja (fejtetĹ‘ UV visszaverĂ©se) Ă©s a tojások becsĂĽlt karotinoidmennyisĂ©ge között. VĂ©gĂĽl a szĂ©ncinege többszörös ivari szignalizáciĂłját elemezve rámutattunk a szignalizáciĂł Ă©s az anyai hatások környezetfĂĽggĹ‘sĂ©gĂ©re. | In addition to genetic effects, the fitness of offspring is considerably modified by early environmental (maternal) effects. We examined how egg constituents deposited by the female (sexual hormones, vitamins, carotenoids, immune mediators) help offspring development and what proximate and ultimate factors may explain the allocation pattern of these substances. In the collared flycatcher we found that egg size was predicted by environmental factors and female quality, while IgG level by the quality of the female. The deposition of carotenoids, biliverdin, vitamins A and E depended on the characteristics of the female's mate. Consistent with a compensation mechanism, females increased the concentration of egg testosterone and antioxidants in clutches laid for inexperienced young males. We experimentally demonstrated that changing social environment modifies the deposition of testosterone but not that of carotene metabolites and IgG. By conducting biopsy studies of collared flycatcher eggs and experimentally elevating sex steroid levels in Japanese quail eggs, we found that different androgens in the egg (T, A4, DHT) have different short term effects on offspring fitness. In blue tits, we found a positive relationship between a sexual signal of males (crown UV reflectance) and the estimated carotenoid levels of eggs. Finally, analyses of multiple sexual signals in great tits indicated the environment-dependence of signalization and maternal effects
Egy összetett szignalizációs mechanizmus: a madárének lokális, regionális és evolúciós mintázatai = Bird song as a multiple functioning sexual signal: patterns on individual, population and regional levels
Tervezett vizsgálataink cĂ©lja egy komplex, ivarilag szelekctált szignál, a madárĂ©nek funkcionális kapcsolatrendszereinek felderĂtĂ©se volt. KĂĽlönbözĹ‘ szinteken, egyedektĹ‘l a pouláciĂłs szinten keresztĂĽl a fajok közötti kapcsolatokig vizsgáltuk a szignál informáciĂł tartalmát Ă©s annak szerepĂ©t az ivari kiválasztĂłdás Ă©s a termĂ©szetes szelekciĂł folyamatában. Terepi vizsgálataink bizonyĂtották, hogy az Ă©nek kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ paramĂ©terei az egyedi minĹ‘sĂ©g más Ă©s más komponensĂ©t (parazitáltság, kor, stressz-tolerancia, szemĂ©lyisĂ©g) jelzik. Kimutattuk továbbá az Ă©nek szerepĂ©t a hĂm-hĂm versengĂ©sben valamint a hölgyválasz mechanizmusában. PopuláciĂłs szintű vizsgálatainkban szimpatrikusan Ă©s allopatrikusan Ă©lĹ‘ lĂ©gykapĂłk Ă©nekszegregáciĂłját elemeztuk az egyĂĽttĂ©lĂ©s idĹ‘skáláját is figyelembe vĂ©ve. Modern komparatĂv analĂzisekkel interspecifikus kapcsolatot tártunk fel az Ă©nek összetettsĂ©ge Ă©s az agymĂ©ret közötti, mĂg heterospecifikus vokális mimikri evolĂşciĂłját is vizsgáltuk. A kutatás során egy általunk elĹ‘ször alkalmazott repertoármĂ©ret-becslĹ‘ mĂłdszer fejlesztĂ©sĂ©t is folytattuk egy nemzetközi kooperáciĂł keretĂ©n belĂĽl. EredmĂ©nyeinket nemzetközileg elismert folyoĂratokban publikáltiuk. | The aim of the planned research was to investigate the functional relationships of a complex, sexually selected trait, namely bird song. We studied the information content of the signal, and its roles in sexual and natural selection by focusing on three organizational levels, such as individuals, populations and species. Our field research with the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) proved that different characteristics of the song signal different aspects of male quality (parasite load, age, stress-tolerance and personality). We also found that the song plays role in male-male competition and female choice. Comparisons of sympatric and allopatric populations of flycatchers in Europe revealed evidence for the segregation of song depending on the duration of the evolutionary contact. By using modern comparative methods, we failed to demonstrate an interspecific relationship between bird song and speciation, but discovered that the complexity of songs is evolutionary related to brain dimorphism between sexes. We also demonstrated some evolutionary patterns in association with heterospecific vocal mimicry. During this research, we developed a new method for estimating repertoire size. Our results have been published in the leading journals of the field
Culture media supplemented with inorganic salts improve the growth and viability of several bacterial strains
In order to improve growth and storage conditions for bacterial cultures, commonly used basic culture media, Luria-Bertani broth (LB) and glucose-yeast extract (GY) were
tested along with their supplemented versions (LBS and GYS) containing a complex set of inorganic salts required for common physiological processes. The growth kinetics and viability of 15 representative strains were compared on LB/LBS or GY/GYS. Growth kinetics were examined during a 24 h period. Five out of 15 strains showed enhanced growth on LBS and GYS. Three strains showed very low viability (3 months or lower) both on the basic and salt-supplemented media. Six strains could be equally recovered after 6 or 12 months both from LB/LBS and from GY/GYS. Six of the tested 15 bacterial strains showed significantly better recovery rate on the inorganic-supplemented media LBS or GYS than on basic LB or GY. These results show that inorganic supplement of basic media may significantly improve the growth and viability of several bacterial strains
Culture media supplemented with inorganic salts improve the growth and viability of several bacterial strains
In order to improve growth and storage conditions for bacterial cultures, commonly used basic culture media, Luria-Bertani broth (LB) and glucose-yeast extract (GY) were
tested along with their supplemented versions (LBS and GYS) containing a complex set of inorganic salts required for common physiological processes. The growth kinetics and viability of 15 representative strains were compared on LB/LBS or GY/GYS. Growth kinetics were examined during a 24 h period. Five out of 15 strains showed enhanced growth on LBS and GYS. Three strains showed very low viability (3 months or lower) both on the basic and salt-supplemented media. Six strains could be equally recovered after 6 or 12 months both from LB/LBS and from GY/GYS. Six of the tested 15 bacterial strains showed significantly better recovery rate on the inorganic-supplemented media LBS or GYS than on basic LB or GY. These results show that inorganic supplement of basic media may significantly improve the growth and viability of several bacterial strains
Physiological background of the remarkably high Cd2+ tolerance of the Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 strain
The physiological background of the unusually high cadmium tolerance (MIC50  > 2 mM) of Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 was investigated. The cadmium tolerance of the tested environmental and clinical A. fumigatus strains varied over a wide range (0.25 mM 2 mM, and this phenotype was accompanied by increased in vivo virulence in mice. A strong correlation was found between the cadmium tolerance and the transcription of the pcaA gene, which encodes a putative cadmium efflux pump. The cadmium tolerance also correlated with the iron tolerance and the extracellular siderophore production of the strains. In addition to these findings, Af293 did not show the synergism between iron toxicity and cadmium toxicity that was detected in the other strains. Based on these results, we suggest that the primary function of PcaA should be acting as a ferrous iron pump and protecting cells from iron overload. Nevertheless, the heterologous expression of pcaA may represent an attractive strain improvement strategy to construct fungal strains for use in biosorption or biomining processes or to prevent accumulation of this toxic metal in crops
Physiological background of the remarkably high Cd2+ tolerance of the Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 strain
The physiological background of the unusually high cadmium tolerance (MIC50  > 2 mM) of Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 was investigated. The cadmium tolerance of the tested environmental and clinical A. fumigatus strains varied over a wide range (0.25 mM 2 mM, and this phenotype was accompanied by increased in vivo virulence in mice. A strong correlation was found between the cadmium tolerance and the transcription of the pcaA gene, which encodes a putative cadmium efflux pump. The cadmium tolerance also correlated with the iron tolerance and the extracellular siderophore production of the strains. In addition to these findings, Af293 did not show the synergism between iron toxicity and cadmium toxicity that was detected in the other strains. Based on these results, we suggest that the primary function of PcaA should be acting as a ferrous iron pump and protecting cells from iron overload. Nevertheless, the heterologous expression of pcaA may represent an attractive strain improvement strategy to construct fungal strains for use in biosorption or biomining processes or to prevent accumulation of this toxic metal in crops