480 research outputs found
Mapping the Traits Desired in Followers and Leaders onto Fundamental Dimensions of Social Evaluation
We applied the social evaluation framework to investigate the traits desired in an “ideal” follower, which were compared to the traits desired in an “ideal” leader. Across three studies and five samples, both differences and similarities in role-specific preferences mapped onto the Vertical-Horizontal dimensions of the social evaluation framework in ways that aligned with the demands of each role. Traits higher on the Horizontal-morality facet (e.g., cooperative, dutiful) and lower on the Vertical-assertiveness facet (e.g., confident, ambitious) differentiated ideal follower preferences from ideal leader preferences. Focusing on the traits most strongly desired in relation to each role, traits that supported social coordination and collective goal attainment (i.e., work ethic, cooperativeness) were prioritized in relation to ideal followers, whereas intelligence was prioritized for ideal leaders. Trustworthiness was equally valued across both roles. Moreover, we differentiated between necessary and luxury traits by adjusting the budget individuals could allocate towards the desired traits. Investments in necessary versus luxury traits further supported the social evaluation framework and highlighted the need to account for the facet-level distinctions within the Vertical (assertiveness, ability) and Horizontal (morality, friendliness) dimensions. Further, these findings were found to be robust across manipulations (e.g., the target’s gender and hierarchical level)
First report of oomycetes associated with the invasive tree Parkinsonia aculeata (Family: Fabaceae)
Phytophthora species have caused the decline and dieback of multiple tree species in Australia and around the world. Dieback in invasive trees in Australia has been observed for decades, motivating research into the potential causes of dieback to be used for biological control of these invasive species. Despite wide-ranging and ongoing research into invasive plant dieback, Phytophthora species have been largely ignored as potential causal agents of dieback, with the focus more on latent fungal pathogens living as endophytes. We conducted the first survey of Phytophthora and other oomycetes to determine their association with dieback of the invasive tree, Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Fabaceae). Using zoospore baiting, we recovered 37 oomycete isolates from roots and soil of healthy and dieback-affected P. aculeata in Kununurra, Western Australia and Charters Towers, Queensland. Using molecular taxonomy, we identified ten unique oomycete taxa, predominantly composed of Phytophthora palmivora, Ph. nicotianae and Phytopythium vexans. Parkinsonia dieback occurs across multiple climatic zones including those experiencing severe drought. We recovered fewer oomycete isolates from soil and roots in drought-affected Charters Towers than Kununurra, which had experienced recent rainfall. This may be because oomycetes require soil moisture for the dispersal of zoospores. None of the genotypes identified were consistently isolated from dieback-affected trees suggesting that any association with parkinsonia dieback may be localised. More extensive surveys and pathogenicity screenings of isolated oomycetes are required to evaluate their role in the parkinsonia dieback phenomenon
On the Sets of Real Numbers Recognized by Finite Automata in Multiple Bases
This article studies the expressive power of finite automata recognizing sets
of real numbers encoded in positional notation. We consider Muller automata as
well as the restricted class of weak deterministic automata, used as symbolic
set representations in actual applications. In previous work, it has been
established that the sets of numbers that are recognizable by weak
deterministic automata in two bases that do not share the same set of prime
factors are exactly those that are definable in the first order additive theory
of real and integer numbers. This result extends Cobham's theorem, which
characterizes the sets of integer numbers that are recognizable by finite
automata in multiple bases.
In this article, we first generalize this result to multiplicatively
independent bases, which brings it closer to the original statement of Cobham's
theorem. Then, we study the sets of reals recognizable by Muller automata in
two bases. We show with a counterexample that, in this setting, Cobham's
theorem does not generalize to multiplicatively independent bases. Finally, we
prove that the sets of reals that are recognizable by Muller automata in two
bases that do not share the same set of prime factors are exactly those
definable in the first order additive theory of real and integer numbers. These
sets are thus also recognizable by weak deterministic automata. This result
leads to a precise characterization of the sets of real numbers that are
recognizable in multiple bases, and provides a theoretical justification to the
use of weak automata as symbolic representations of sets.Comment: 17 page
Quantum Probabilistic Subroutines and Problems in Number Theory
We present a quantum version of the classical probabilistic algorithms
la Rabin. The quantum algorithm is based on the essential use of
Grover's operator for the quantum search of a database and of Shor's Fourier
transform for extracting the periodicity of a function, and their combined use
in the counting algorithm originally introduced by Brassard et al. One of the
main features of our quantum probabilistic algorithm is its full unitarity and
reversibility, which would make its use possible as part of larger and more
complicated networks in quantum computers. As an example of this we describe
polynomial time algorithms for studying some important problems in number
theory, such as the test of the primality of an integer, the so called 'prime
number theorem' and Hardy and Littlewood's conjecture about the asymptotic
number of representations of an even integer as a sum of two primes.Comment: 9 pages, RevTex, revised version, accepted for publication on PRA:
improvement in use of memory space for quantum primality test algorithm
further clarified and typos in the notation correcte
What do people do with porn? qualitative research into the consumption, use and experience of pornography and other sexually explicit media
This article reviews qualitative research into the consumption of pornography and other sexually explicit media emerging from a range of subject areas. Taking a critique of quantitative methods and a focus on measuring sexual effects and attitudes as a starting point, it considers the proposition that qualitative work is more suited to an examination of the complex social, cultural and political constructions of sexuality. Examining studies into the way men, women and young people see, experience, and use explicit media texts, the article identifies the key findings that have emerged. Qualitative work shows that sexuality explicit media texts are experienced and understood in a variety of ways and evoke strong and often contradictory reactions, not all of which are represented in public debates about pornography. These texts function in a range of different ways, depending on context; as a source of knowledge, a resource for intimate practices, a site for identity construction, and an occasion for performing gender and sexuality. The article reviews these studies and their findings, identifying what they suggest about directions for future research, both in terms of developing methodology and refining approaches to sexuality and media consumption.</p
Direct observation of particle-hole mixing in the superconducting state by angle-resolved photoemission
Particle-hole (p-h) mixing is a fundamental consequence of the existence of a
pair condensate. We present direct experimental evidence for p-h mixing in the
angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) spectra in the superconducting state of
Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta}. In addition to its pedagogical importance, this
establishes unambiguously that the gap observed in ARPES is associated with
superconductivity.Comment: 3 pages, revtex, 4 postscript figure
SS Cancri: the shortest modulation-period Blazhko RR Lyrae
In order to study the Blazhko effect, we characterise the modulation of the RR Lyrae star SS Cancri,
which has been reported to have the shortest modulation Blazhko period. B, V and R band data have been acquired.
The pulsation period is 0.36731 +- 0.00004 d. No significant change in the period over the last 80 years is observed.
We measure a periodic variation in the light curve maxima, which has a period of 5.313 +- 0.018 d and an amplitude
of 0.016 +- 0.003 mag. The best model that describes the Blazhko effect is the resonance coupling between a low
and a high order radial mode
Molybdenum alloying in high-performance flat-rolled steel grades
Considerable progress in developing flat-rolled
steel grades has been made by the Chinese steel industry
over the recent two decades. The increasing demand for
high-performance products to be used in infrastructural
projects as well as in production of consumer and capital
goods has been driving this development until today. The
installation of state-of-the-art steel making and rolling
facilities has provided the possibility of processing the
most advanced steel grades. The production of high-performance steel grades relies on specific alloying elements
of which molybdenum is one of the most powerful. China
is nearly self-sufficient in molybdenum supplies. This
paper highlights the potential and advantages of molybdenum alloying over the entire range of flat-rolled steel
products. Specific aspects of steel property improvement
with respect to particular applications are indicated
Models for Enhanced Absorption in Inhomogeneous Superconductors
We discuss the low-frequency absorption arising from quenched inhomogeneity
in the superfluid density rho_s of a model superconductor. Such inhomogeneities
may arise in a high-T_c superconductor from a wide variety of sources,
including quenched random disorder and static charge density waves such as
stripes. Using standard classical methods for treating randomly inhomogeneous
media, we show that both mechanisms produce additional absorption at finite
frequencies. For a two-fluid model with weak mean-square fluctuations <(d
rho_s)^2 > in rho_s and a frequency-independent quasiparticle conductivity, the
extra absorption has oscillator strength proportional to the quantity <(d
rho_s)^2>/rho_s, as observed in some experiments. Similar behavior is found in
a two-fluid model with anticorrelated fluctuations in the superfluid and normal
fluid densities. The extra absorption typically occurs as a Lorentzian centered
at zero frequency. We present simple model calculations for this extra
absorption under conditions of both weak and strong fluctuations. The relation
between our results and other model calculations is briefly discussed
Conformal Invariance and Degrees of Freedom in the QCD String
We demonstrate that the Hagedorn-like growth of the number of observed meson
states can be used to constrain the degrees of freedom of the underlying
effective QCD string. We find that the temperature relevant for such string
theories is not given by the usual Hagedorn value MeV, but is
considerably higher. This resolves an apparent conflict with the results from a
static quark-potential analysis, and suggests that conformal invariance and
modular invariance are indeed reflected in the hadronic spectrum. We also find
that the scalar string is in excellent agreement with data.Comment: 13 pages (Standard LaTeX); --> replaced version emphasizes new
results, and agrees with version to appear in Physical Review Letters (Jan
1994
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