Grazing Pressure of Cattle on Mixed Pastures at Coal Mine Land Reclamation

The objective of the research was to determine the grazing pressure in mix pasture of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) and puero (Pueraria phaseoloides) at coal mining reclamation. The experiment was arranged by randomized block design consisted of 5 stocking rate treatments, those were 12.56, 19.63, 28.26, 38.47, and 50.24 m2.animal-1.d-1 which were equal to length of tether rope of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 m, respectively. The rotation system was applied by modifying the tether. Each rotation period was 30 d of three-rotation period. Result of this experiment showed that average daily gain (ADG) was different (P2.animal-1.d-1 and decreased linearly with increasing length of rope from 254.29 to 100.17 kg.ha-1. Maximum dry matter consumption was achieved at length of tether rope of 3.32 m or grazing area 34.61 m2.animal-1.d-1. Average dry matter yield in this experiment was 235.39 g.m-2.d-1 or 2.35 ton.ha-1.mo-1. Botanical composition of signal grass, puero, and weeds before and after grazing was change with grazing pressure

Nisbah Sinkronisasi Suplai N-Protein Dan Energi Dalam Rumen Sebagai Basis Formulasi Ransum Ternak Ruminansia

The experiment was conducted to determine the optimum synchronization ratio of N-protein and fermented organic matter (OM) in the rumen for the purpose of ration formulation for ruminant animals, in order to improve efficiency of rumen microbial N synthesis and feed efficiency. Nylon bag technique was adopted to determine ruminal characteristic of protein and OM degradation of feedstuffs (forage and concentrate diet) for which the synchronized index of N-protein and fermented OM in the rumen might be determined. By randomized block design, twelve local cattle were arranged to four groups. Each group was fed three types of diet that was different in synchronization ratio of supplying N-protein and fermented OM in the rumen, namely 20 g N/kg OM (R20); 25 g N /kg OM (R25); and 30 g N /kg MO (R30). The diets had iso-energy and iso-protein contents and had the same synchronization index. The results showed that the type of diet had no effect (P>0.05) on intake and digestibility of nutrients, N retention, average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency. But R20 had better parameter values than those of R25 and R30. It might be concluded that the diet having a synchronization ratio of 20 g N/kg fermented OM in the rumen will generate more efficient protein synthesis of rumen microbes and feed efficiency

Nisbah Sinkronisasi Suplai N-Protein dan Energi dalam Rumen Sebagai Basis Formulasi Ransum Ternak Ruminansia

The experiment was conducted to determine the optimum synchronization ratio of N-protein and fermented organic matter (OM) in the rumen for the purpose of ration formulation for ruminant animals, in order to improve efficiency of rumen microbial N synthesis and feed efficiency. Nylon bag technique was adopted to determine ruminal characteristic of protein and OM degradation of feedstuffs (forage and concentrate diet) for which the synchronized index of N-protein and fermented OM in the rumen might be determined. By randomized block design, twelve local cattle were arranged to four groups. Each group was fed three types of diet that was different in synchronization ratio of supplying N-protein and fermented OM in the rumen, namely 20 g N/kg OM (R20); 25 g N /kg OM (R25); and 30 g N /kg MO (R30). The diets had iso-energy and iso-protein contents and had the same synchronization index. The results showed that the type of diet had no effect (P>0.05) on intake and digestibility of nutrients, N retention, average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency. But R20 had better parameter values than those of R25 and R30. It might be concluded that the diet having a synchronization ratio of 20 g N/kg fermented OM in the rumen will generate more efficient protein synthesis of rumen microbes and feed efficiency. Key words: synchronization index, microbial protein synthesis, ruminal characteristi

Nisbah Sinkronisasi Suplai N-Protein dan Energi dalam Rumen Sebagai Basis Formulasi Ransum Ternak Ruminansia

The experiment was conducted to determine the optimum synchronization ratio of N-protein and fermented organic matter (OM) in the rumen for the purpose of ration formulation for ruminant animals, in order to improve efficiency of rumen microbial N synthesis and feed efficiency. Nylon bag technique was adopted to determine ruminal characteristic of protein and OM degradation of feedstuffs (forage and concentrate diet) for which the synchronized index of N-protein and fermented OM in the rumen might be determined. By randomized block design, twelve local cattle were arranged to four groups. Each group was fed three types of diet that was different in synchronization ratio of supplying N-protein and fermented OM in the rumen, namely 20 g N/kg OM (R20); 25 g N /kg OM (R25); and 30 g N /kg MO (R30). The diets had iso-energy and iso-protein contents and had the same synchronization index. The results showed that the type of diet had no effect (P>0.05) on intake and digestibility of nutrients, N retention, average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency. But R20 had better parameter values than those of R25 and R30. It might be concluded that the diet having a synchronization ratio of 20 g N/kg fermented OM in the rumen will generate more efficient protein synthesis of rumen microbes and feed efficiency

Improvement of native grassland by legumes introduction and tillage techniques

Improvement of native grassland by legumes introduction and tillage techniques Improvement of native grassland by legumes introduction and tillage techniques A factorial design using three species of legumes (Siratro, Centro and Stylo) and three different of tillage techniques (no-tillage, minimum tillage and total tillage) was applied in this experiment. The results showed that there was no interaction between species and tillage techniques. There was significant reductions on bulk density from 1.23±0.03 g/cm3 (no-tillage) to 1.07±0.02 g/cm3 (minimum tillage) and 1.05±0.03 g/cm3 (total tillage). Also reductions on penetration resistance from 17.47±3.84 kg/cm2 (no-tillage) to 3.31±0.43 kg/cm2 (minimum tillage) and 3.19±0.45 kg/cm2 (total tillage). Otherwise significant increasing on aeration porosity from 12.80±0.80% vol. (no-tillage) to 21.70±0.95% vol. (minimum tillage) and 20.70±0.35% vol. (total tillage). Total tillage gives increased dry matter yield. Also both total tillage and minimum tillage give yields with a higher percentage of legumes compared with no-tillage. It was concluded that total tillage and minimum tillage could be used for improving native grassland. Key words : Improvement, native grassland, legumes, tillage technique

Improvement of native grassland by legumes introduction and tillage techniques

A factorial design using three species of legumes (Siratro, Centro and Stylo) and three different of tillage techniques (no-tillage, minimum tillage and total tillage) was applied in this experiment. The results showed that there was no interaction between species and tillage techniques. There was significant reductions on bulk density from 1.23±0.03 g/cm3 (no-tillage) to 1.07±0.02 g/cm3 (minimum tillage) and 1.05±0.03 g/cm3 (total tillage). Also reductions on penetration resistance from 17.47±3.84 kg/cm2 (no-tillage) to 3.31±0.43 kg/cm2 (minimum tillage) and 3.19±0.45 kg/cm2 (total tillage). Otherwise significant increasing on aeration porosity from 12.80±0.80% vol. (no-tillage) to 21.70±0.95% vol. (minimum tillage) and 20.70±0.35% vol. (total tillage). Total tillage gives increased dry matter yield. Also both total tillage and minimum tillage give yields with a higher percentage of legumes compared with no-tillage. It was concluded that total tillage and minimum tillage could be used for improving native grassland

NUTRIENT UPTAKE IMPROVEMENT OF FORAGE LEGUMES BY ROCK PHOPHATE FERTILIZATION AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INOCULATION

A series of experiments were carried out during 25 months consisting of greenhouse and field experiments and laboratory analysis. Centro (Centrosema pubescens) and puero (Pueraria phaseoloides) were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and without AMF and were fertilized with rock phosphate (RP) at dosage of completely randomized design (CRD) in three replicates was used for greenhouse experiment and in completely randomized block design (CRBD) was used for field experiment. The significant difference among treatments was tested using Duncan Multiple Range Tests (DMRT). The results of greenhouse experiment showed that N and P uptake of puero were higher than centro. Nitrogen and P uptake of mycorrhizal legumes were higher than non-mycorrhizal legumes. 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg P2O5/ha. Split in time in Rock phosphate fertilization increased N and P uptake of mycorrhizal legumes approximately 9, and 22 times than non-mycorrhizal legumes respectively. The result of field experiment showed that N and P uptake of centro and puero Increased after defoliation. However, N and P uptake of puero were higher than centro. Rock phosphate fertilization increased N and P uptake of legumes. Nitrogen and P uptake of legumes were not significantly different for both with or without AMF inoculation