Physiological behavior of Grimes golden apples in storage

Practically all storage investigators have emphasized the importance of storing apples immediately after they are picked. The reason for this practice is better understood when it is realized that with a rise in temperature there is a corresponding increase in metabolic activity which may remain at a relatively high level for a considerable period. When this occurs apples ripen very rapidly. Placing fruit under temperatures slightly above freezing, however, slows down activity to a minimum, and the life of the fruit is greatly prolonged. A picture, then, of respiratory activity going on within the tissues of the apple, indicates how fast or how slowly metabolism is proceeding. Thus, in order to slow down activity within the fruit it should be placed in storage as soon as possible after it is picked. Temperatures of 50° to 80° F., which are common at picking time, greatly increase respiration, and maximum activity is reached within a very short time

RR Lyrae Variables in M33. I. Evidence For a Field Halo Population

We present observations of RR Lyrae variables in the Local Group late-type spiral galaxy M33. Using the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope, we have identified 64 ab-type RR Lyraes in M33. We have estimated reddenings for these stars based on their minimum light V-I colors and metallicities based on their periods. From the distributions of these properties, we conclude that the RR Lyraes belong to two populations - one associated with the halo of M33 and the other with its disk. Given that RR Lyraes are produced by populations older than ~10 Gyr, this suggests that not only does the field halo of M33 contain an old component, but so does its disk. This is one of the best pieces of evidence for the existence of a halo field component in M33. Using a relation between RR Lyrae absolute magnitude and metallicity (Mv(RR) = 0.23[Fe/H] + 0.93), we estimate a mean distance modulus of = 24.67 +/- 0.08 for M33. This places M33 approximately 70 kpc beyond M31 in line-of-sight distance.Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journa