The effect of one kind of plyometric and aerobic exercises on chest expansion and respiratory volumes in high school students

زمينه و هدف: در بزرگسالان ورزش هاي پلايومتريك به منظور افزايش قدرت عضلات، هماهنگي عصبي- عضلاني و افزايش پرش عمودي استفاده مي شود. متاسفانه اطلاعات محدودي در باره اثرات اين نوع ورزش ها بر سيستم تنفس وجود دارد، اين مطالعه با هدف بررسي اثرات ورزش هاي پلايومتريك و هوازي بر ميزان اتساع قفسه سينه و حجم هاي ريوي در دانش آموزان دبيرستان انجام شد. روش : بررسي در اين مطالعه تجربي 60 دختر و پسر سنين 18-14 سال از طريق نمونه گيري غير احتمالي و ساده از بين دانش آموزان دبيرستان هاي زاهدان انتخاب و به صورت تصادفي در يكي از دو گروه دوچرخه ســـواري (30 مورد) و طناب زدن (30 ( مورد قرار گرفتند. هر دو گروه به مدت 12 3 جلسه، بار در هفته ورزش ها را دريافت كردند. داده ها بر اساس ميزان اتساع قفسه سينه (در دو سطح آگزيلاري و گزيفوييد)، ظرفيت حياتي، حجم ذخيره بازدمي، ظرفيت حياتي حداكثر، حجم بازدمي فشار در ثانيه اول قبل و بعد از ورزش جمع آوري شد. اطلاعات با آزمون هاي t مستقل و زوج تجزيه و تحليل شد. يافتهها: ميزان اتساع قفسه سينه در ناحيه آگزيلار در گروه دوچرخه سواري از 10±76 سانتي متر به10/ ±4 77 سانتي متر و در گروه طناب زدن از 8/1/ ± 7 77 سانتي متر به 8/7/ ± 5 78 سانتي متر (001 0< /P (و ميزان اتساع قفسه سينه در ناحيه گزيفوييد در گروه دوچرخه سواري از 8/9/ ± 7 68 سانتي متر به 8±70 سانتي متر و در گروه طناب زدن از 6/6/ ± 3 71 سانتي متر به 6/4/ ± 3 72 سانتي متر ارتقاء ( يافت 001 0< /P .(همچنين افزايش معني داري در حجم هاي ريوي در دو گروه ديده شد ( 05 0 /P .( < نتيجهگيري: نتايج نشان داد كه ميزان انبساط قفسه سينه و حجم هاي ريوي متعاقب انجام ورزش هاي پلايومتريك نظير طناب زدن افزايش مي يابد

The relationship between medication adherence and affective temperaments in patients with congestive heart failure

Introduction: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a serious condition and lack of medication adherence is one of themost common problems in the treatment of patients with CHF. This study aimed to determine the relationship betweenmedication adherence and affective temperaments in patients with CHF. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 patients, who were referred to the cardiologyclinic of Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital of Zahedan, Iran in 2017–2018. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8),Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A), and Beck DepressionInventory-II (BDI-II) were used to collect data. For statistical analysis, SPSS-18 was used. Logistic regression was done formodeling the relationship between medication adherence. Results: Generally, 54% of the patients were euthymic, while 16%, 23.33%, and 6.66% of them suffered from mild,moderate, and severe depression, respectively. The medication adherence was high, moderate, and low in 30.66%,46%, and 23.33% of the patients, respectively. There was a significant relationship between medication adherence anddepressive (P = 0.049), cyclothymic (P = 0.01), and irritable (P = 0.01) affective temperaments. Only BDI-II score (P =0.018) was identified as predictors of drug adherence. Conclusions: Despite the statistically significant relationship between depressive, cyclothymic, and irritable temperamentsand adherence, affective temperaments cannot be considered as a predictor of adherence in patients with CHF

Characterization of Traumatic Brain Injury Research in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review

Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health concern worldwide with a large impact in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as a consequence of protracted wars and conflicts that adversely affect the general population. Currently, systematic TBI studies in the MENA region are lacking, nonetheless they are immensely needed to enhance trauma management and increase survival rates among TBI patients. This systematic review aims to characterize TBI in the MENA region to guide future policy choices and research efforts and inform tailored guidelines capable of improving TBI management and patient treatment and outcome. Furthermore, it will serve as a road map to evaluate and assess knowledge of trauma impact on regional health systems that can be adopted by health-care providers to raise awareness and improve trauma care. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search strategy of several databases including MEDLINE/Ovid, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and the grey literature in accordance with the PROSPERO systematic review protocol CRD42017058952. Abstracts were screened, and selected eligible studies were reviewed independently by 2 reviewers. We collected demographics information along with TBI characteristics, mortality rates, and regional distribution. Data were extracted using REDCap and checked for accuracy. Results: The search strategy yielded 23,385 citations; 147 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Motor vehicle accident (MVA) was the leading cause of TBI (41%) in the MENA region, followed by the military- (15.6%) and fall- (8.8%) related TBI. Males predominantly suffer from TBI-related injuries (85%), with a high prevalence of MVA- and military-related TBI injuries. The TBI mortality rate was 12.9%. The leading causes of mortality were MVA (68%), military (20.5%), and assault (2.9%). The vast majority of reported TBI severity was mild (63.1%) compared to moderate (10.7%) and severe TBI (20.2%). Patients mainly underwent a Glasgow Coma Scale assessment (22.1%), followed by computed tomography scan (8.9%) and surgery (4.1%). Conclusions: Despite its clinical, social, and economic burden, the evidence of TBI research in the MENA region is scarce. Further research and high-quality epidemiological studies are urgently needed to gain a deep understanding of the TBI burden in the region, facilitate the allocation of adequate resources, implement effective preventive and intervention strategies and advise on the TBI patient management as reflective on the TBI patterns and modes