An investigation of the Hachihonmatsu branch of the Hiroshima Army Weapon Supply Depot using US aerial photographs, and the proposal of a utilization method

本稿の目的は，戦争遺跡である広島陸軍兵器補給廠八本松分廠（以下，補給廠）の痕跡を空中写真の判読と現地調査から明らかにすると共に，戦争遺跡の活用に向けた情報の整理と活用方法を提案することである。空中写真の判読では，弾薬庫もしくは火薬庫と見られる構造物を36 棟確認した。現地調査では，刈又池周辺において陸軍の軍用地を示す石標13基，弾薬庫周辺を囲む土塁を確認した。本調査により，補給廠の構造物の分布状況や痕跡を示す戦争遺跡の存在が明らかになった。活用方法の提案については，学校教育と社会教育におけるそれぞれの活用法を検討し，地域に残された戦争遺跡を活用する上で求められる事と活用意義を提示した。学校教育においては，平和学習にとらわれない活用方法を提案し，社会教育については，戦争遺跡群として面的な理解を促すガイドマップを作製した。本稿は，これまで調査が十分にされてこなかった戦争遺跡の再調査と活用を促す一助になると期待される。This paper has two purposes. The first is to discover traces of the Hachihonmatsu branch of the Hiroshima Army Weapon Supply Depot (hereinafter referred to as the Depot), which is a war site, by identifying aerial photographs and conducting field surveys. The second is to propose a method for organizing and utilizing information on the war ruins for educational purposes. From aerial photographs we identified 36 facilities that appear to have been used for ammunition or gunpowder storage. Next, through our field surveys, we discovered 13 stone marks indicating the boundary of the land owned by the military around Karimata Pond and some banks surrounding the ammunition storage. This survey revealed the distribution and existence of storage in the Depot. We examined how to utilize each in both school and social education and showed what is required and the significance of utilizing the war remains left over in the area. For education at school, we proposed multi methods including learning about peacetime. Regarding social education, we created a map that promotes a comprehensive understanding of the war ruins for citizens and visitors alike. This article is expected to help promote the reinvestigation and utilization of war ruins that have thus far not been thoroughly investigated

Heavy quark action on the anisotropic lattice

We investigate the $O(a)$ improved quark action on anisotropic lattice as a potential framework for the heavy quark, which may enable precision computation of hadronic matrix elements of heavy-light mesons. The relativity relations of heavy-light mesons as well as of heavy quarkonium are examined on a quenched lattice with spatial lattice cutoff $a_\sigma^{-1} \simeq$ 1.6 GeV and the anisotropy $\xi=4$. We find that the bare anisotropy parameter tuned for the massless quark describes both the heavy-heavy and heavy-light mesons within 2% accuracy for the quark mass $a_\sigma m_Q < 0.8$, which covers the charm quark mass. This bare anisotropy parameter also successfully describes the heavy-light mesons in the quark mass region $a_\sigma m_Q \leq 1.2$ within the same accuracy. Beyond this region, the discretization effects seem to grow gradually. The anisotropic lattice is expected to extend by a factor $\xi$ the quark mass region in which the parameters in the action tuned for the massless limit are applicable for heavy-light systems with well controlled systematic errors.Comment: 11 pages, REVTeX4, 11 eps figure

ヒトウニョウビョウセイ ジンフゼン デ イジ トウセキチュウ ニ キュウセイ ハッショウ 1ガタ トウニョウビョウ オ ハッショウ シタ コウキ コウレイシャ ノ 1レイ

We herein presented a case of a ７５-year-old man who was referred to our hospital for hyperglycemia in a drowsy state following a convulsive seizure after receiving hemodialysis at another clinic. He had been receiving maintenance hemodialysis for non-diabetic renal failure from the age of ７３ years. He was diagnosed with diabetic ketosis because his blood glucose level was ７０７mg/dl, HbA１c ８．３％, glycoalbumin ４０．５％, serum osmolality ３２３mosm/kg, and ３-hydroxybutyric acid ５．８ mmol/l. Continuous intravenous insulin infusion therapy was immediately initiated and was changed to intensive insulin therapy on the ７th day after his admission. He did not have metabolic acidosis or serious dehydration associated with the acute metabolic derangement observed on arrival because fluid corrections for acid-base and electrolyte imbalances in the blood had been achieved by hemodialysis prior to his referral to our hospital. ΔCPR at six minutes in the glucagon loading test was hardly affected, indicating that his endogenous insulin secretory capacity was markedly reduced. The GAD antibody was negative. He had the haplotype of HLA DR４, which is considered to reflect disease susceptibility for type１diabetes in Japanese individuals. Acuteonset type １ diabetes mellitus was diagnosed based on the diagnostic criteria for acute-onset type１ diabetes mellitus （２０１２） by the Committee of the Japan Diabetes Society. At the time of his discharge, ８ units of insulin lispro were being administered prior to each meal in addition to ２ units of insulin glargine before sleeping. He was transferred to a local clinic on the ２３rd day after his admission. Although glycoalbumin had been measured every six months in the present case, it was not useful for detecting new onset diabetes. Therefore, blood glucose measurements before dialysis need to be regularly performed, even in dialysis patients with non-diabetic renal failure, in order to detect the new onset of diabetes at an early stage

Characteristics and distribution of stone monuments at the Higashi-Hiroshima Campus of Hiroshima University

本研究では，広島大学東広島キャンパスを対象として，悉皆調査によりすべての石碑の分布や属性，特徴を明らかにすることで，石碑が有する文化的・歴史的価値を議論する契機となることを目的とした。調査の結果，147基の石碑を確認し，その分布は教育学部と工学部でそれぞれ4割に達し，学部の偏りが顕著であること，建立年代に着目すると，東広島キャンパスの移転前の石碑は103基と全体の約7割で，多くが移転前に建立されたことなどが明らかとなった。広島大学は，医学系学部・研究科・施設をのぞくすべての学部などが東広島キャンパスに移転すると同時に石碑も集まることになった。移設により元々建立された地から離れたことで建立当初の意義を失った側面もあるが，多数の石碑が一つのキャンパスに移設されたことで散逸を防ぎ，前身校から新制広島大学，そして統合移転から現在までの歴史を繋ぐ貴重な資料となり得ることが示唆された

Cross-Country Student Perceptions about Online Medical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic

(1) Introduction: Most educational institutions around the world have shifted from traditional face-to-face to online education amid COVID-19. This change may particularly impact medical students, whose education is heavily influenced by clinical learning experiences. Accordingly, we investigated medical students’ perceptions about positive and negative aspects of online medical education in Japan and overseas during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: In-depth online interviews were conducted among 13 Japanese medical students and five medical students from Slovakia, Norway, and Hungary. Interviews were conducted from 23rd September to 3rd October 2020 using the snowball sampling method. Questions were focused on five main areas: Q1 the type of online education; Q2 advantages and disadvantages of online education; Q3 any changes in the relationship with teachers, friends, and family; Q4 any opinions about further improvements in online education; and Q5 any needs for affiliation with a particular university. Then thematic analysis was conducted. (3) Results: The results of the thematic analysis revealed the following four themes that represent the positive and negative aspects of online medical education; Theme 1: Timesaving and Flexibility; Theme 2: Technical problems and lack of digital skills; Theme 3: Unstandardized teaching skills; Theme 4: Lack of experience beyond medical school lectures. (4) Conclusions: While online education was found useful in terms of saving time and creating a flexible learning environment, many important drawbacks were noted such as internet and computer problems and unstandardized teaching skills, and lack of quality assurance. In addition, experiences outside the classroom such as making relationships with faculty and friends, conducting research and participating in extracurricular activities were missed, which they normally enjoy in college life

sdLDL-C and Cardiovascular Events

Aim: There is little information on the relationships of serum small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels and serum triglyceride (TG) levels with cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who are receiving statins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships of serum TG levels and sdLDL-C levels as residual risks for cardiovascular events in patients with CAD and type 2 DM who were being treated with statins. Methods: The subjects were divided into four groups based on TG levels and sdLDL-C levels: sdLDL-C of ＜40.0 mg/dL and TG of ＜150 mg/dL, sdLDL-C of ≥ 40.0 mg/dL and TG of ＜150 mg/dL, sdLDL-C of ＜40.0 mg/dL and TG of ≥ 150 mg/dL, and sdLDL-C of ≥ 40.0 mg/dL and TG of ≥ 150 mg/dL. During a median follow-up period of 1419 days, cardiovascular events occurred in 34 patients. Results: The incidences of cardiovascular events were significantly higher in patients with sdLDL-C of ≥ 40.0 mg/dL and TG of ＜150 mg/dL and in patients with sdLDL-C of ≥ 40.0 mg/dL and TG of ≥ 150 mg/dL, but not in patients with sdLDL-C of ＜40.0 mg/dL and TG of ≥ 150 mg/dL, than in patients with sdLDL-C of ＜40.0 mg/dL and TG of ＜150 mg/dL. Conclusions: Under the condition of treatment with statins, patients with CAD and type 2 DM who had sdLDL-C levels of ≥ 40.0 mg/dL had a high risk for cardiovascular events even though serum TG levels were controlled at ＜150 mg/dL

Diagnostic Criteria of FMD and NID

Background - Diagnostic criteria of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), an index of endothelial function, and nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation (NID), an index of vascular smooth muscle function, of the brachial artery have not been established. The purpose of this study was to propose diagnostic criteria of FMD and NID for normal endothelial function and normal vascular smooth muscle function. Methods and Results - We investigated the cutoff values of FMD and NID in subjects with (risk group) and those without cardiovascular risk factors or cardiovascular diseases (no-risk group) in 7277 Japanese subjects (mean age 51.4±10.8 years) from the Flow-Mediated Dilation Japan study and the Flow-Mediated Dilatation Japan Registry study for analysis of the cutoff value of FMD and in 1764 Japanese subjects (62.2±16.1 years) from the registry of Hiroshima University Hospital for analysis of the cutoff value of NID. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis of FMD to discriminate subjects in the no-risk group from patients in the risk group showed that the optimal cutoff value of FMD to diagnose subjects in the no-risk group was 7.1%. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis of NID to discriminate subjects in the no-risk group from patients in the risk group showed that the optimal cutoff value of NID to diagnose subjects in the no-risk group was 15.6%. Conclusions - We propose that the cutoff value for normal endothelial function assessed by FMD of the brachial artery is 7.1% and that the cutoff value for normal vascular smooth muscle function assessed by NID of the brachial artery is 15.6% in Japanese subjects

Analysis for the units of regional geography on UK’s geography textbook: The case study of “Geog 4th edition”

In Britain, the volume of “Regional Geography” was decreased in “the National Curriculum”. The aim of this paper is to cralify the contents of “Regional Geography” in Britain. We analyzed the geographical school textbook “Geog 4th edition” by Oxfor University Press. We find that “Geog” has only 2 or 3 case studies in each grade. The students don’t learn all of the world in geographical class. That is because it is important to learn the geographical skill

Reconstruction of new field development process in the late Edo era using interdisciplinary approach: A case of Sanjobara in the southern part of Saijo Basin, Hiroshima Prefecture, southwestern Japan

広島県東広島市西条盆地南部の段丘面上にある三升原を対象に，古文書や古絵図の読解，SfM-MVS技術を活用した圃場整備前の地形復元，現地調査といった学際的な手法を用いて，近世後期における新田開発の進展過程を実証的に明らかにした。三升原の新田開発は，1808年から1819年の12年間において，唐櫨の植え付けと失敗までの前半の3年間，3年の空白期間を挟んで，稲作と畑作を進めた後半の6年間という流れであった。三升原では，地表の高さよりも用水路の底面が高い「揚溝」の割合が大きい。これは，集落より上流側にあたる地域が低かったためである。三升原の新田開発の進展は，同様に広島藩が主導した柏原の進展と一致し，藩の国益事業の一環とみなせる。両地区の住民の就業を比較すると，柏原は純農村的な集落であるが，三升原は農村・商業・原料指向型製造業が混合した集落である。地形・交通などの地理的条件によって，集落の性格が分かれたと見なせる。We studied the process of new field development in the late Edo period in Sanjobara, located on a fluvial terrace in the southern part of the Saijo Basin in Higashi-Hiroshima City, central Hiroshima Prefecture. For this purpose, we used interdisciplinary methods such as reading old documents and drawings, reconstructing the topography by the SfM-MVS technology using aerial photographs before post-war land reform, and field surveys. The development of new fields in Sanjobara lasted for 12 years, from 1808 to 1819. The first half of the period comprised three years of failure due to the planting and death of the wax tree, and the second half consisted of six years of rice and field cultivation after a three-year gap. In Sanjobara, the percentage of “lift ditches,” where the irrigation channel was higher than the surrounding ground surface, was high. This was because the area to the east, upstream from the village, was lower than that of Sanjobara, and hence the irrigation channels were raised. The timing of the development of new rice paddies in Sanjobara was consistent with that in Kashobara, also led by the Hiroshima Domain, and can be regarded as part of the domain’s interest project. A comparison of the employment of both villages’ residents shows that Kashobara was a purely rural settlement, while Sanjobara was a mixture of farming, commerce, and raw material-oriented manufacturing. The differences in geographical conditions, such as topography and transportation, have resulted in different characteristics of both villages

Preliminary assessment of ecological exposure of adult residents in Fukushima Prefecture to radioactive cesium through ingestion and inhalation.

福島県成人住民の放射性セシウムへの経口、吸入曝露の先行評価を実施. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2011-11-14.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to estimate the ecological exposure of adult residents of Fukushima Prefecture to (134)cesium (Cs) and (137)Cs through ingestion and inhalation between July 2 and July 8, 2011. METHODS: Fifty-five sets of meals with tap water, each representing one person's daily intake, were purchased in local towns in Fukushima Prefecture. Locally produced cow's milk (21 samples) and vegetables (43 samples) were also purchased. In parallel, air sampling was conducted at 12 different sites using a high-volume sampler. Nineteen sets of control meals were collected in Kyoto in July 2011. (134)Cs and (137)Cs levels in the samples were measured using a germanium detector. RESULTS: Radioactivity was detected in 36 of the 55 sample meals from Fukushima, compared with one of 19 controls from Kyoto. The median estimated dose level (μSv/year) was 3.0, ranging from not detectable to 83.1. None of the cow's milk (21) or vegetable (49) samples showed levels of contamination above the current recommended limits (Bq/kg) of 200 for milk and 500 for vegetables. The total effective dose levels by inhalation were estimated to be <3 μSv/year at nine locations, but samples at three other locations close to the edge of the 20-km radius from the crippled nuclear power plant showed higher levels of contamination (μSv/year): 14.7 at Iitate, 76.9 at Namie, and 27.7 at Katsurao. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of exposure to (134)Cs and (137)Cs in Fukushima by ingestion and inhalation are discernible, but generally within recommended limits