A More Sustainable Dishwasher

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102570/1/me589f13section001project01_report.pd

Revealing intrinsic domains and fluctuations of moir\'e magnetism by a wide-field quantum microscope

Moir\'e magnetism featured by stacking engineered atomic registry and lattice interactions has recently emerged as an appealing quantum state of matter at the forefront condensed matter physics research. Nanoscale imaging of moir\'e magnets is highly desirable and serves as a prerequisite to investigate a broad range of intriguing physics underlying the interplay between topology, electronic correlations, and unconventional nanomagnetism. Here we report spin defect-based wide-field imaging of magnetic domains and spin fluctuations in twisted double trilayer (tDT) chromium triiodide CrI3. We explicitly show that intrinsic moir\'e domains of opposite magnetizations appear over arrays of moir\'e supercells in low-twist-angle tDT CrI3. In contrast, spin fluctuations measured in tDT CrI3 manifest little spatial variations on the same mesoscopic length scale due to the dominant driving force of intralayer exchange interaction. Our results enrich the current understanding of exotic magnetic phases sustained by moir\'e magnetism and highlight the opportunities provided by quantum spin sensors in probing microscopic spin related phenomena on two-dimensional flatland

HECT, UBA and WWE domain containing 1 represses cholesterol efflux during CD4+ T cell activation in Sjögren’s syndrome

Introduction: Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction, leading to loss of salivary function. Histological analysis of salivary glands from SS patients reveals a high infiltration of immune cells, particularly activated CD4+ T cells. Thus, interventions targeting abnormal activation of CD4+ T cells may provide promising therapeutic strategies for SS. Here, we demonstrate that Hect, uba, and wwe domain containing 1 (HUWE1), a member of the eukaryotic Hect E3 ubiquitin ligase family, plays a critical role in CD4+ T-cell activation and SS pathophysiology.Methods: In the context of HUWE1 inhibition, we investigated the impact of the HUWE1 inhibitor BI8626 and sh-Huwe1 on CD4+ T cells in mice, focusing on the assessment of activation levels, proliferation capacity, and cholesterol abundance. Furthermore, we examined the therapeutic potential of BI8626 in NOD/ShiLtj mice and evaluated its efficacy as a treatment strategy.Results: Inhibition of HUWE1 reduces ABCA1 ubiquitination and promotes cholesterol efflux, decreasing intracellular cholesterol and reducing the expression of phosphorylated ZAP-70, CD25, and other activation markers, culminating in the suppressed proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of HUWE1 significantly reduces CD4+ T-cell infiltration in the submandibular glands and improves salivary flow rate in NOD/ShiLtj mice.Conclusion: These findings suggest that HUWE1 may regulate CD4+ T-cell activation and SS development by modulating ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux and presents a promising target for SS treatment

RPL22 Overexpression Promotes Psoriasis-Like Lesion by Inducing Keratinocytes Abnormal Biological Behavior

BackgroundKeratinocytes of psoriasis have anti-apoptotic properties including delayed apoptosis process, accelerated proliferation metabolism and postponed differentiation process. However, the specific mechanism leading to the abnormal biological behavior of keratinocytes remains unclear.ObjectivesWe investigated the role of increased RPL22 expression in regulating the abnormal biological behavior of keratinocytes and the mechanism of regulation of RPL22 expression in skin lesions of psoriatic patients.MethodsWe examined clinical samples and utilized cytokine-induced cell and IMQ-treated mouse models. We determined the expression and functions of RPL22 in vitro and in vivo.ResultsWe showed that RPL22 expression was significantly increased in the skin lesions of psoriasis patients and IMQ-treated psoriatic-like mice. Such increased expression is attributed to hyperacetylation of histone H3K27 in the promoter region of RPL22. Interestingly, overexpression of RPL22 enhanced keratinocyte proliferation by increasing cyclinD1 expression and accelerated CD4+T cells recruitment via upregulating CXCL10 expression. Finally, we demonstrated that RPL22 overexpression promoted psoriasiform phenotypes in IMQ-induced mouse skins.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that RPL22 regulates keratinocytes abnormal biological behavior and contributes to the development of psoriatic phenotypes. Thus, RPL22 might be a novel potential molecular target for treatment of psoriasis

Coherent Detection Using Optical Time-Domain Sampling

Coherent optical time-domain sampling is proposed to relax the requirement for photodetector bandwidth as well as the speed of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital signal processing. Transmission of 10-Gb/s binary phase-shift keying signals over 220-km standard single-mode fiber was demonstrated using 10-Gsa/s ADCs. © 2009 IEEE

Generative Adversarial Network-Based Neural Audio Caption Model for Oral Evaluation

Oral evaluation is one of the most critical processes in children’s language learning. Traditionally, the Scoring Rubric is widely used in oral evaluation for providing a ranking score by assessing word accuracy, phoneme accuracy, fluency, and accent position of a tester. In recent years, by the emerging demands of the market, oral evaluation requires not only providing a single score from pronunciation but also in-depth, meaning comments based on content, context, logic, and understanding. However, the Scoring Rubric requires massive human work (oral evaluation experts) to provide such deep meaning comments. It is considered uneconomical and inefficient in the current market. Therefore, this paper proposes an automated expert comment generation approach for oral evaluation. The approach first extracts the oral features from the children’s audio as well as the text features from the corresponding expert comments. Then, a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is applied to encode the oral features into the model. Afterwards, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model is applied to train the mappings between oral features and text features and generate expert comments for the new coming oral audio. Finally, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is combined to improve the quality of the generated comments. It generates pseudo-comments to train the discriminator to recognize the human-like comments. The proposed approach is evaluated in a real-world audio dataset (children oral audio) collected by our collaborative company. The proposed approach is also integrated into a commercial application to generate expert comments for children’s oral evaluation. The experimental results and the lessons learned from real-world applications show that the proposed approach is effective for providing meaningful comments for oral evaluation