44 research outputs found

    Gender differences and inflammation: an in vitro model of blood cells stimulation in prepubescent children

    Get PDF
    Gender influences clinical presentations and markers in inflammatory diseases. In many chronic conditions, frequency of complications is greater in females, suggesting that continuous inflammatory reaction may induce greater damage in targeted organs and functions.Journal ArticleSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Contribution des acides gras essentiels de type oméga-3 et du statut en immunoglobulines G sur la diminution des exacerbations pulmonaires des patients atteints de mucoviscidose

    No full text
    IntroductionLa mucoviscidose est due Ă  des mutations d’un seul gĂšne codant pour une protĂ©ine appelĂ©e Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). Cette protĂ©ine, principalement connue pour fonctionner comme un canal chlore (Cl-), rĂ©gule Ă©galement plusieurs processus physiologiques et organes.Les exacerbations pulmonaires exercent un rĂŽle majeur dans l’atteinte respiratoire qui reste la principale cause de morbi-mortalitĂ© de la mucoviscidose. Diminuer le nombre des exacerbations pulmonaires reste donc une prioritĂ© dans la prise en charge des patients.ObjectifsLe but de cette thĂšse Ă©tait d’étudier la contribution de deux facteurs susceptibles d’influencer la frĂ©quence des exacerbations pulmonaires chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose :la supplĂ©mentation en acides gras essentiels (AGE) de type omĂ©ga-3 dans un modĂšle thĂ©rapeutique et le statut en immunoglobulines (Ig)G dans une approche diagnostique. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodesUne revue de la littĂ©rature sur les diffĂ©rentes fonctions de la protĂ©ine CFTR ainsi que sur son implication dans la physiopathologie pulmonaire de la mucoviscidose a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e.Pour Ă©tudier la contribution des AGE de type omĂ©ga-3 sur les exacerbations pulmonaires, deux Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. La premiĂšre, une Ă©tude pilote randomisĂ©e et contrĂŽlĂ©e, a comparĂ© les bĂ©nĂ©fices potentiels d’une supplĂ©mentation orale en omĂ©ga-3, combinant des hautes doses d’ acides eicosapentaĂ©noĂŻque (EPA) et docosahexaĂ©noĂŻque (DHA) Ă  un placĂ©bo, pendant une durĂ©e d’un an, sur le nombre des exacerbations pulmonaires, la durĂ©e de l’antibiothĂ©rapie (AB), des paramĂštres fonctionnels et inflammatoires ainsi que sur le profil Ă©rythrocytaire en AGE de 15 patients atteints de mucoviscidose. Dans la seconde Ă©tude, le profil en AGE de 17 patients greffĂ©s pulmonaires a Ă©tĂ© comparĂ© Ă  celui de 33 non-greffĂ©s afin de comprendre les anomalies dĂ©crites dans la mucoviscidose, en Ă©valuant l’influence potentielle de la transplantation pulmonaire sur le profil plasmatique et Ă©rythrocytaire en AGE.Pour Ă©tudier la contribution du statut en IgG sur les exacerbations pulmonaires, une Ă©tude transversale et une Ă©tude longitudinale ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es Ă  10 ans d’intervalle chez respectivement 62 et 66 patients atteints de mucoviscidose. Le nombre des exacerbations pulmonaires et la durĂ©e de l’AB ainsi que des paramĂštres fonctionnels et inflammatoires, le gĂ©notype, le type d’infection chronique et le sexe ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s selon leur statut en IgG, Ă©valuĂ© annuellement dans le bilan biologique depuis leur diagnostic de mucoviscidose.RĂ©sultatsLa protĂ©ine CFTR rĂ©gule d'autres canaux ioniques, comme le canal Ă©pithĂ©lial sodique (Na+) (ENaC). Cette fonction est cruciale pour l'Ă©quilibre osmotique du mucus et sa viscositĂ©. La protĂ©ine CFTR intervient Ă©galement dans d’autres processus physiologiques, comme le transport du bicarbonate, du glutathion et du thiocyanate, les cellules de l’immunitĂ© innĂ©e et le mĂ©tabolisme des lipides. Dans l’étude pilote de supplĂ©mentation en omĂ©ga-3, les taux Ă©rythrocytaires d’EPA et de DHA ont augmentĂ© dĂšs 3 mois de traitement, associĂ©s Ă  une diminution concomitante des taux d’acide arachidonique (AA). En comparaison avec l’annĂ©e prĂ©cĂ©dant la supplĂ©mentation et le groupe placĂ©bo, le nombre des exacerbations pulmonaires et la durĂ©e cumulĂ©e de l’AB ont significativement diminuĂ© dans le groupe supplĂ©mentĂ©. Les patients ayant bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’une transplantation pulmonaire prĂ©sentaient un profil plasmatique en AGE plus favorable comparĂ© aux non-greffĂ©s (taux des omĂ©ga-3 totaux, d’EPA et de DHA significativement plus Ă©levĂ©s et ratio omĂ©ga-6/omĂ©ga-3 plus faible). Cependant, ces diffĂ©rences n’ont pas Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es au niveau Ă©rythrocytaire. Les patients greffĂ©s prĂ©sentaient Ă©galement moins d’infections pulmonaires, une durĂ©e moindre de l’AB et des taux moins Ă©levĂ©s des IgG. Des anomalies du statut en IgG ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es dans les deux Ă©tudes. L’hypogammaglobulinĂ©mie des IgG (hypo-IgG) transitoire ou persistante prĂ©sentĂ©e par un tiers des patients depuis leur diagnostic Ă©tait associĂ©e paradoxalement Ă  moins d’exacerbations pulmonaires, Ă  une durĂ©e moins longue de l’AB et Ă  des valeurs plus faibles de la vitesse de sĂ©dimentation. L’hypergammaglobulinĂ©mie des IgG (hyper-IgG), observĂ©e uniquement dans l’étude transversale, Ă©tait associĂ©e Ă  une atteinte plus importante du volume expirĂ© maximal en 1 seconde (VEMS) et du score clinique de Shwachman-Kulczycki. DiscussionLa protĂ©ine CFTR n'est donc pas seulement un canal Cl-. Ses diffĂ©rentes fonctions influencent Ă©galement l’homĂ©ostasie du pH du liquide de surface des voies aĂ©riennes, l'immunitĂ© innĂ©e, le stress oxydatif ainsi que le mĂ©tabolisme des lipides et en particulier, le mĂ©tabolisme des AGE. La multifonctionnalitĂ© de cette protĂ©ine explique la complexitĂ© de la physiopathologie pulmonaire de la mucoviscidose.Le profil plasmatique en AGE s’amĂ©liore aprĂšs la transplantation pulmonaire, suggĂ©rant l’importance de la contribution de l’inflammation des poumons des patients atteints de mucoviscidose dans les anomalies de leur profil en AGE. En plus de la prĂ©sence fonctionnelle de la protĂ©ine CFTR au niveau pulmonaire, elle Ă©liminerait la cause principale de l’infection et de l’inflammation chronique, reflĂ©tĂ©e par la diminution du nombre des infections pulmonaires, de la durĂ©e de l’AB et des taux des IgG des patients greffĂ©s ainsi que l’oxydation excessive des AGE comme source d'Ă©nergie. Cependant, cette amĂ©lioration n’est pas observĂ©e au niveau Ă©rythrocytaire. Seule une supplĂ©mentation en omĂ©ga-3 Ă  hautes doses serait susceptible d'augmenter les taux des AGE dans la membrane Ă©rythrocytaire des patients greffĂ©s ou non-greffĂ©s, en amĂ©liorant les gradients entre la lumiĂšre intestinale, le plasma et la membrane cellulaire, et de diminuer le nombre des exacerbations pulmonaires chez les non-greffĂ©s. Le statut en IgG des patients pĂ©diatriques atteints de mucoviscidose a donc changĂ© au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies. L’hyper‐IgG n’est plus observĂ©e, probablement grĂące au traitement agressif de toute infection pulmonaire, contribuant au contrĂŽle de l’inflammation et de la rĂ©ponse immunitaire systĂ©mique. Par contre, l’hypo‐IgG est toujours observĂ©e. L’hypo-IgG associĂ©e Ă  un nombre plus limitĂ© des exacerbations pulmonaires et Ă  une diminution de l’inflammation fait l’objet d’hypothĂšses dans cette thĂšse qui devront ĂȘtre Ă©tudiĂ©es. ConclusionMĂȘme Ă  l’ùre des modulateurs de la protĂ©ine CFTR, la complexitĂ© de la physiopathologie de l’atteinte pulmonaire dans la mucoviscidose doit nous inciter Ă  dĂ©velopper diffĂ©rentes options thĂ©rapeutiques et de prise en charge pour tous les patients.Cette thĂšse a permis de montrer qu’une supplĂ©mentation orale en omĂ©ga-3, combinant du DHA et de l’EPA Ă  hautes doses, et une hypo-IgG transitoire ou persistante, identifiĂ©e lors du bilan annuel, sont associĂ©es Ă  une diminution des exacerbations pulmonaires et de la durĂ©e de l’AB.Par consĂ©quent, une supplĂ©mentation en omĂ©ga-3 permettrait de retarder et de ralentir l’atteinte pulmonaire alors que l’évaluation du statut en IgG dĂ©terminerait le pronostic et permettrait d’adapter les traitements. Ces deux approches thĂ©rapeutique et diagnostique pourraient donc ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ©es dans la prise en charge des patients atteints de mucoviscidose afin d’amĂ©liorer leur qualitĂ© et leur espĂ©rance de vie.Doctorat en Sciences mĂ©dicales (MĂ©decine)info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

    Prévention et traitement de l'asthme chez l'enfant

    No full text
    Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways with an impact on the life of the patient, his family and the society. Asthma is the most common chronic disease of the childhood. Consequently, prevention and treatment of asthma are real challenges in public health. Treatment includes two levels: prevention and medication treatment. Prevention is to avoid one or several causes of asthma and risk factors of exacerbations particularly in high risk population. Medication treatment includes the reliever treatment and the maintenance treatment. Bronchodilatator treatment will be used in first line treatment in asthma attacks. Inhaled glucocorticosteroids are the most effective controller medications. No treatment is curative for asthma, establishing of therapeutic objectives is necessary. The reliever treatment, the maintenance treatment, the new classification of asthma and the new recommendations of therapeutic management will be discussed.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Facteurs favorisants de l’asthme chez l’enfant atteint de dermatite atopique

    No full text
    info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Prise en charge du tabagisme en médecine générale

    No full text
    Tobacco is a hard drug causing triple dependence. The medical management of tobacco smokers is thus complex and challenging. It requires a global approach combining non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment. The general practitioner, having a privileged status, plays an important role. The recommended management is the strategy of the 5As (Ask, Advice, Assess, Assist, Arrange). This article proposes the management of tobacco smoking and cessation, in general practice, in the adult smoker, as well as the specificities of tobacco smoking and cessation in the pregnant woman and the teenager.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Immuno-allergologie chez l'enfant: diagnostic et traitement.

    No full text
    Atopy is the most frequent allergic disease in western countries: about 30% of children are suffering from various forms of its manifestations. During the 20th century, its frequency gradually increased. This is not only true for sensitization (presence of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the skin or in the serum), but also for clinical symptoms associated with sensitization. It is usually a disease of skin and mucosae, but atopy can also become systemic (anaphylaxis). Hygienist hypothesis (reduction of infectious diseases and Th1 pressure) gives a possible explanation to the impressive increase of allergic diseases during the last decades. In the child, atopic dermatitis and food allergies are first observed (allergic march): 5 allergens explain more than 85% of cases (white egg, milk, peanuts, fish and nuts). Skin prick tests are more sensible than specific IgE measurements in the serum; they are usually done before. Provocation tests (labial and oral) can confirm the diagnosis when necessary. Four families of aeroallergens are described (pollens, house dust mites, pets and moistures). Eviction is the first line of treatment, than drugs are prescribed to reduce symptoms and inflammation (corticosteroids, antihistamine). Desensitization and immunomodulators that can induce tolerance are also proposed in defined situations.English AbstractJournal ArticleSCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Cftr protein: Not just a chloride channel?

    No full text
    Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in a gene encoding a protein called Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). The CFTR protein is known to acts as a chloride (Cl− ) channel expressed in the exocrine glands of several body systems where it also regulates other ion channels, including the epithelial sodium (Na+ ) channel (ENaC) that plays a key role in salt absorption. This function is crucial to the osmotic balance of the mucus and its viscosity. However, the pathophysiology of CF is more challenging than a mere dysregulation of epithelial ion transport, mainly resulting in impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) with consecutive bronchiectasis and in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. This review shows that the CFTR protein is not just a chloride channel. For a long time, research in CF has focused on abnormal Cl− and Na+ transport. Yet, the CFTR protein also regulates numerous other pathways, such as the transport of HCO3−, glutathione and thiocyanate, immune cells, and the metabolism of lipids. It influences the pH homeostasis of airway surface liquid and thus the MCC as well as innate immunity leading to chronic infection and inflammation, all of which are considered as key pathophysiological characteristics of CF.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Impact de la pĂ©riode de transition de l'enfance Ă  l’ñge adulte dans la mucoviscidose

    No full text
    Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the transition period from childhood to adulthood in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) being followed up in our reference center. Methods: The clinical, functional, inflammatory and microbiological parameters of all transition patients were compared two years before (T-2) and two years after the transfer (T + 2) from paediatric to adult centers and further analysed according to whether the transition conditions were optimal or suboptimal. Results: Twenty-eight patients were included. The mean age at the transfer visit was 19.5 years (± 3.5). There were no deaths during the study period. Consultations were more numerous at T-2 [14.5 (± 5.9) vs. 12.0 (± 5.1), P < 0.004]. Chronic colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more frequent at T+ 2 (46.4% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.021). A progressive decrease in FEV1 and FVC was observed between T-2 and T + 2. The number of pulmonary exacerbations was lower in the optimal transition group. Conclusion: The period of transition from childhood to adulthood in patients with CF appears to be associated with functional and microbiological changes.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    A case report of successful eradication of new isolates of Burkholderia cenocepacia in a child with cystic fibrosis

    No full text
    Chronic respiratory infection with Burkholderia cenocepacia (Bc) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with accelerated decline in lung function and increased mortality. It is therefore important to attempt to eradicate new isolates, especially in children. However, there are no standardized guidelines to eradicate Bc. We report a case of successful eradication of new isolates of Bc in a 2-year-old child with CF using a combination of IV, nebulized antibiotics and sinus surgery.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    A medication adherence–enhancing simulation intervention in pediatric cystic fibrosis

    No full text
    Adherence to chronic pulmonary drugs in cystic fibrosis (CF) is suboptimal. We studied the feasibility and effectiveness of a multistep medication adherence–enhancing simulation intervention for pediatric CF, which was embedded in motivational interviewing and education. Product simulation experiments were performed by the children themselves, and they addressed adherence to mucolytics/hydrators and antibiotics. Dornase alfa–treated patients aged 7–13 years were included. We invited each patient and their parents to attend an interview. PowerPoint slides were presented and discussed. The final slide invited the patient to perform the simulation experiments, and, in so doing, they experienced what happens when they either do or do not take their medication. An educational film was applied as a summary tool. A patient-centered empathic counseling style was used. Two months later, the child and their parents each completed a different anonymous questionnaire. Overall, 21 patients were included. Parents rated the means of communication and improvement in their child’s motivation as very satisfactory. Children highly appreciated the experiments they performed. They often answered two questions on dornase alfa correctly and associated knowledge with adherence. Our results suggest that experiential simulation-based learning is extremely appropriate, and that this multistep intervention is feasible and effective in pediatric CF.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
    corecore