A 4-week high-AGE diet does not impair glucose metabolism and vascular function in obese individuals

BACKGROUND: Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) may contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its vascular complications. AGEs are widely present in food, but whether restricting AGE intake improves risk factors for type 2 diabetes and vascular dysfunction is controversial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Abdominally obese but otherwise healthy individuals were randomly assigned to a specifically designed 4-week diet low or high in AGEs in a double blind parallel-design. Insulin sensitivity, secretion, and clearance were assessed by a combined hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamp. Micro- and macrovascular function, inflammation, and lipid profile were assessed by state-of-art in vivo measurements and biomarkers. Specific urinary and plasma AGEs Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nε-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were assessed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: In 73 individuals (22 males, mean ± SD age and BMI 52 y ± 14, 30.6 kg/m2 ± 4.0), intake of CML, CEL, and MG-H1 differed 2.7, 5.3, and 3.7-fold between the low and high AGE diets, which led to corresponding changes of these AGEs in urine and plasma. Despite this, there was no difference in insulin sensitivity, secretion, or clearance, micro- and macrovascular function, overall inflammation, or lipid profile between the low and high dietary AGE groups (all p for treatment effects > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive RCT demonstrates very limited biological consequences of a 4-week diet low or high in AGEs in abdominally obese individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03866343, trialregister.nl: NTR7594. FUNDING: Diabetesfonds and ZonMw

A 4-week high-AGE diet does not impair glucose metabolism and vascular function in obese individuals

BACKGROUND: Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) may contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its vascular complications. AGEs are widely present in food, but whether restricting AGE intake improves risk factors for type 2 diabetes and vascular dysfunction is controversial. METHODS: Abdominally obese but otherwise healthy individuals were randomly assigned to a specifically designed 4-week diet low or high in AGEs in a double-blind, parallel design. Insulin sensitivity, secretion, and clearance were assessed by a combined hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamp. Micro- and macrovascular function, inflammation, and lipid profiles were assessed by state-of-the-art in vivo measurements and biomarkers. Specific urinary and plasma AGEs N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), N(ε)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), and N(δ)-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were assessed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: In 73 individuals (22 males, mean ± SD age and BMI 52 ± 14 years, 30.6 ± 4.0 kg/m(2)), intake of CML, CEL, and MG-H1 differed 2.7-, 5.3-, and 3.7-fold between the low- and high-AGE diets, leading to corresponding changes of these AGEs in urine and plasma. Despite this, there was no difference in insulin sensitivity, secretion, or clearance; micro- and macrovascular function; overall inflammation; or lipid profile between the low and high dietary AGE groups (for all treatment effects, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This comprehensive RCT demonstrates very limited biological consequences of a 4-week diet low or high in AGEs in abdominally obese individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03866343; trialregister.nl, NTR7594. FUNDING: Diabetesfonds and ZonMw

Association of Timing of Plasma Transfusion With Adverse Maternal Outcomes in Women With Persistent Postpartum Hemorrhage

IMPORTANCE Early plasma transfusion for women with severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is recommended to prevent coagulopathy. However, there is no comparative, quantitative evidence on the association of early plasma transfusion with maternal outcomes.OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of adverse maternal outcomes among women who received plasma during the first 60 minutes of persistent PPH vs women who did not receive plasma for similarly severe persistent PPH.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter cohort study used a consecutive sample of women with persistent PPH, defined as PPH refractory to first-line measures to control bleeding, between January 1, 2011, and January 1, 2013. Time-dependent propensity score matching was used to select women who received plasma during the first 60 minutes of persistent PPH and match each of them with a woman who had shown the same severity and received the same treatment of PPH but who had not received plasma at the moment of matching. Transfusions were not guided by coagulation tests. Statistical analysis was performed from June 2018 to June 2019.EXPOSURES Transfusion of plasma during the first 60 minutes of persistent PPH vs no or later plasma transfusion.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incidence of adverse maternal outcomes, defined as a composite of death, hysterectomy, or arterial embolization.RESULTS This study included 1216 women (mean [SD] age, 31.6 [5.0] years) with persistent PPH, of whom 932 (76.6%) delivered vaginally and 780 (64.1%) had PPH caused by uterine atony. Seven women (0.6%) died because of PPH, 62 women (5.1%) had a hysterectomy, and 159 women (13.1%) had arterial embolizations. Among women who received plasma during the first 60 minutes of persistent PPH, 114 women could be matched with a comparable woman who had not received plasma at the moment of matching. The incidence of adverse maternal outcomes was similar between the women, with adverse outcomes recorded in 24 women (21.2%) who received early plasma transfusion and 23 women (19.9%) who did not receive early plasma transfusion (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.57-2.09). Results of sensitivity analyses were comparable to the primary results.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, initiation of plasma transfusion during the first 60 minutes of persistent PPH was not associated with adverse maternal outcomes compared with no or later plasma transfusion, independent of severity of PPH.</p