Lessons from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine in 2022: Moving the World Beyond War

Russia’s aggression in Ukraine has shaken the post-war liberal order, originally designed to prevent war in Europe and between advanced industrialised countries. While the mechanisms to avoid drawing neighbouring countries (and their allies) into the conflict appear to be holding, the risk of further escalation between Russia and NATO remains considerable. With deterrence, pre-emption and negotiation having failed, Western efforts have now shifted to actions that apply pressure for Russia to cease hostilities and withdraw all forces from Ukraine. The US and its allies have firmly ruled out direct military intervention, leaving escalating economic sanctions as the primary tool with which to respond to Russia’s actions. While the package of sanctions in place to date is unprecedented (and continuing to expand) it remains unclear whether it will compel Russia to negotiate before achieving a military victory in Ukraine. Regardless of Russian military’s success or failure, or the shape of the eventual compromise the parties may reach, the current crisis provides a number of observations and lessons with deep implications for both the parties involved and for the wider global order. If the world is to pre-empt future bloodshed and move conflicts without war, it will need to learn these lessons and create highly effective penalties on regimes as a deterrence against violence

Transforming Our World: Interdisciplinary Insights on the Sustainable Development Goals

Today's world stands at the crossroads of major global challenges, ranging from poverty and inequality to climate change and environmental degradation. These pressing issues underscore the essential role of sustainable development in forging a prosperous, equitable, and peaceful future for all. Building on the insights and findings of our previous reports, namely "Transformations for the Joint Implementation of Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development and the European Green Deal: A Green and Digital, Job-Based and Inclusive Recovery from COVID-19 Pandemic" (2021), and "Financing the Joint Implementation of Agenda 2030 and the European Green Deal" (2022), this year’s report explores in detail the multifaceted nature of sustainable development and offers invaluable insights to guide the policy decisions required to address these challenges. More specifically, in line with the work presented in 2021’s and 2022’s Reports, the current report also investigates the complicated web of factors affecting sustainable development. It emphasizes the importance of regionspecific approaches to sustainable development, repeating the focus on the European Union's role presented in the previous reports. It explores the potential of the EU to redefine global sustainable development challenges and highlights the necessity of understanding interdependencies among different systems, a topic touched upon in our discussions about the close link between the European Green Deal and Agenda 2030, with the 17 SDGs. Furthermore, this report expands on the concept of 'natural capital' introduced in 2022’s Report, exploring its interconnectedness with social capital, produced capital, and cultural heritage. More specifically, it recognizes the role of aesthetic, historical, social, and spiritual values in shaping sustainable development policies. In consistence with the previous reports, this report also underscores the significance of green jobs and digital transition as drivers of sustainable development. It goes deeper into the employment trends and skill requirements in the net-zero economy and urges the importance of reskilling policies, reflecting on the job-based recovery discussed in 2021’s Report. Building upon the financial discussion in 2022’s Report, this report touches on the private sector's role in financing the SDGs, identifying SDG content in financial asset portfolios, and emphasizing the potential of carbon farming and voluntary carbon markets. These discussions further illuminate the financial strategies necessary for the successful implementation of sustainable development initiatives. In conclusion, "Transforming Our World: Interdisciplinary Insights on the Sustainable Development Goals" serves as an extension of our previous discussions. By bringing together interdisciplinary insights and understanding the interconnections between different dimensions of sustainable development, this report can guide policymakers and stakeholders to take informed decisions and targeted actions to address the complex challenges of our time, thereby contributing to a more sustainable and equitable future

An Experimental Study of e+e−e^+ e^- Annihilation Into Four Leptons

The three reactionse+e−→e+e−e+e−,e+e-→e+e-μ+μ- ande+e-→μ+μ-μ+ μ- have been studied using the CELLO detector at PETRA. The data correspond to 130 pb−1 collected at energies ranging from 35 GeV to 46.8 GeV. A detailed analysis of the distribution of the observed events in phase space shows good agreement with QED to order α4

Measurement of the Reaction Gamma-gamma-]rho+rho- With the Cello Detector

Measurement of the Reaction Gamma-gamma-]rho+rho- With the Cello Detecto

The KS0KS0K^0_S K^0_S Final State in γγ\gamma \gamma Interactions

In the reaction γγ→KS0KS0 resonance production of thef2− is observed. For the radiative with$\Gamma _{\gamma \gamma } .B(f'_2\to K\bar K) = 0.11_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.03}\pm 0.02keV$ is found. The small number of events in thef2,a2 mass region is consistent with the assumption of destructivef2−a2 interference. From the mass distribution we determine the relative phases between the tensor mesons. Upper limits on the radiative widths of the glueball candidatesf2(1720) andX (2220) are derived

Ks0K^0_s KπK _\pi Production in Tagged and Untagged γγ\gamma \gamma Interactions

We have searched for resonance production in the reaction γγ→Ks0Kπ. No signal was found for theηc and an upper limit for the radiative with$\Gamma _{\gamma \gamma }^{\eta _c }$ keV (95% c.l.) is obtained. For the glueball candidate η(1440) (previouslyi) the upper limit$\Gamma _{\gamma \gamma }^{\eta (1440)} B(\eta (1440) \to K\bar K\pi )< 1.2keV(95\% c.l.)$ is derived. In the tagged data sample resonance formation of a spin 1 state at 1420 MeV is observed, which is absent in the untagged data. The mass and width of this state are consistent with those of thef1(1420); an analysis of decay angular distributions favours positive parity

Model Independent Limits on ΛQCD\Lambda_{QCD} From e+e−e^+ e^- Annihilation in the Energy Range From 14 to 46 GeV

Multihadronic events measured with the CELLO detector in the energy range 14 to 46 GeV have been analyzed in terms of thrust, jet masses and the asymmetry of the energy-energy correlation. The data have been compared with 2nd order QCD calculations. From a study of the general properties of fragmentation effects, model-independent limits on ΛQCD and αs have been found to be 79 MeV < ΛQCD < 628 MeV and 0.117 < αs < 0.169 (at$\sqrt s= 35$ GeV). The dependence of these results on the renormalization scheme is discussed

Search for Light Leptoquark Bosons

A search for light leptoquarks decaying into a lepton and a quark has been performed using the CELLO detector at the storage ring PETRA. Decay modes have been looked for where the lepton is either a muon or a neutrino, the latter being detected by a high missing transverse momentum. Except for one event previously reported no further two-jet events with two isolated muons were observed. No evidence for pair production of these particles has been found in other final states configurations. Our results are interpreted within a model where leptoquarks appear as a coloured Goldsone multiplet of charges 2/3.A 95% CL upper limit of 0.30 pb is set on the pair production cross section of such leptoquarks, thus excluding masses between 7 and 20.5 GeV