The Validity Generalization & Extension of the Revised Iptis

The basic theoretical concepts of Rational-Emotive and Rational-Behavior Therapy were discussed along with a psychometric study of an inventory measuring irrational tendencies. The revised Irrational Personality Traits Inventory Scale (IPTIS), an inventory reported to measure how an individual thinks, feels, and acts, was investigated as to the soundness of its psychometric characteristics. More specifically, the purpose of this study was to: (a) determine the reliability of the revised IPTIS with a new sample from an older population, i.e., college students, (b) assess its concurrent validity with a measure of neuroticism, and (c) evaluate the possible effects of a socially desirable response set on the revised IPTIS measure. The subjects in this study were volunteers ranging in age from 18 to 28. The total sample of 207 was composed of 92 males and 115 females. All subjects were group administered the revised IPTIS followed by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). The reliability of the revised IPTIS was determined by a Guttman split-half reliability procedure. Concurrent validity and the influence of social desirability was assessed by employing a Pearson product moment correlation between the revised IPTIS and the criterion scales of the EPI. The results suggested that the revised IPTIS was a sound psychometric inventory with a wide range of variability and was sensitive to varying degrees of rational and/or irrational tendencies. The inventory demonstrated adequate reliability with strong internal consistency (r = .90, p \u3c .01). The revised IPTIS demonstrated good concurrent validity with neuroticism (r = .68, p \u3c .01) and was not significantly influenced by social desirability (r = -.23, p \u3e .01). It was concluded that the revised IPTIS appeared to be a reliable and valid measure of irrational and/or neurotic tendencies. It did generalize and extend quite well to a new sample from another population and maintained sound psychometric characteristics. The results supported and extended the conclusions of Ross (1976) and also the ABC theory of emotional disturbance as presented by Ellis (1962). It was suggested that the revised IPTIS appeared to provide a useful tool both for future research and clinical practice

Channeling (Com)passion: Exploring the Strategic Potential of Internal Communications in Member-Serving Community Nonprofit Organizations

This qualitative research examines the extent to which internal communication within member-serving nonprofit organizations is used strategically to harness the dedication of a nearly all-volunteer labor force and align their efforts to achieve organizational goals. This research focuses on the prototypical nonprofit village model that aims to promote aging in place, healthier aging, and a higher quality of life for older people through a combination of member supports, referrals to affordable aging services, and social and cultural engagement. An established and expanding village organization in California served as a case study. Interviews conducted with highly involved member and volunteer leader stakeholders revealed a strong affinity for organic, informal communication and relationship building, and also program and service areas that have grown into functional silos with some unclear boundaries and objectives. A lack of communications policies has contributed to knowledge sharing tentativeness. Well-positioned liaison groups orchestrate some communication bi-directionally between leadership and general members, but information gaps were identified, as well as myriad challenges related to rapid growth and the need to restructure staffing support. No formalized strategic planning efforts were found nor were internal or external outreach and communications plans in evidence. Nonprofit organizations like the member-serving village model that face sustainability challenges will need to prioritize strategic planning and establish integrated internal communications policies and processes to better prepare their organizations for continued growth

Theodore Roosevelt - Preacher Militant His Political Philosophy as Proclaimed in his Speeches

The age of chivalry with its color and romance is remembered usually as a story-book existence which is pleasant and exciting to read about. Forgotten too often are the ideals and the splendid code of conduct which actuated the heroic deeds. It cannot be said that all knights wore admirable and incorruptible, but out of their period, embodied in its literature, has come to us a way of life. Sir Galahad, St. George, Arthur--whichever one is called to mind-- each want through life fighting relentlessly, sometimes foolishly, but always gloriously against impossible odds as he pursued his ideal. Courageous and honest, he fought for his God, for his King, and for his lady love. Those three symbolized for him greater things--when he fought for his God he was fighting the Christian battle for the weak and oppressed; when he fought for his King he was fighting the loyal battle for the authority which offered him protection; when he fought for his lady it was to protect all woman- kind and the children they bore.28

The Dangers of Aggressive Trade Liberalization: Why the Washington Consensus is Not a Global Consensus

The theory of trade and capital market liberalization has been floated around in discussions about economic stability and development for decades. Due to the fact that the world is becoming more and more interdependent and interconnected each and every day, the necessity for a global market emerged in the early 1990’s. The Western response to globalization in many cases was dubbed the Washington Consensus, of which trade liberalization is a huge part. The idea of trade liberalization is centralized in the idea of a free-market economy, originally posited by Adam Smith. His model proposed the idea of the invisible hand , the idea that the market would regulate itself and would not need government interference in order to do so; this led to many of the ideas discussed in the concept of trade liberalization. By opening markets and removing or at least reducing trade barriers with countries around the world, the hope was that economies would thrive. This theory of aggressive trade liberalization, however, has numerous flaws which must be taken into consideration before applying the policies to developing nations. While the Washington Consensus policies of trade liberalization may work for some countries, it has effectively crippled numerous others, due to its inability to take into account numerous other factors within a country. As economic and political history has shown, the idea of aggressive policies of trade liberalization is not always the smartest option to pursue, while a greater focus on the inner development of a country and slow liberalization may be the true keys to economic success in developing countries. Discussions about such policies of trade liberalization were brought about through a concerted realization of the need for a global economic structure and stability following one of the most devastating wars in recent memory