Biclique communities

We present a novel method for detecting communities in bipartite networks. Based on an extension of the $k$-clique community detection algorithm, we demonstrate how modular structure in bipartite networks presents itself as overlapping bicliques. If bipartite information is available, the bi-clique community detection algorithm retains all of the advantages of the $k$-clique algorithm, but avoids discarding important structural information when performing a one-mode projection of the network. Further, the bi-clique community detection algorithm provides a new level of flexibility by incorporating independent clique thresholds for each of the non-overlapping node sets in the bipartite network.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Severely Disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma after ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation Treated Successfully with Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine Combined with Hemodialysis

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is driven by human herpes virus 8 causing vascular proliferation which is induced by loss of immune function most often due to HIV or immunosuppressants. KS occurs with increased incidence in kidney transplant recipients, but rarely is disseminated. We report a 64-year-old male who developed severely disseminated KS 5 months after ABO-incompatible kidney-transplantation. No guidelines for chemotherapy exist in this case and reduced kidney function and impaired immune system complicates the use of systemic chemotherapy in kidney transplant recipients. A combination of paclitaxel and gemcitabine followed by two days of hemodialysis treatment was chosen since paclitaxel can be given in full dose independently of kidney function and gemcitabine is metabolised to 2′,2′-difluorodeoxyuridine which is found to be highly dialysable. The present treatment was well tolerated by the patient with one episode of leukopenia and elevated alanine transaminase during treatment which resolved. There were no serious adverse events and the patient obtained a complete remission verified by Positron Emission Tomography CT after ending chemotherapy and at one-year follow up

Sum rules for isospin centroids in pick-up reactions on general multishell target states

Sum Rules equations for pick-up reactions are presented for the first time for the energy centroids of states both for the isospin T_< (\equiv T_0 - 1 \over 2) and T_> (\equiv T_0 + {1 \over 2}) of the final nucleus when a nucleon is picked up from a general multishell target state with isospin T_0. These equations contain two-body correlation terms, , which, at the present moment, are difficult to handle analytically. These terms are managed by combining these equations with the known stripping reactions equations. Sample applications of these equations to experimental data are presented.Comment: 11 pages, LaTe

The MgII Cross-section of Luminous Red Galaxies

We describe a search for MgII(2796,2803) absorption lines in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectra of QSOs whose lines of sight pass within impact parameters of 200 kpc of galaxies with photometric redshifts of z=0.46-0.6 and redshift errors Delta z~0.05. The galaxies selected have the same colors and luminosities as the Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) population previously selected from the SDSS. A search for Mg II lines within a redshift interval of +/-0.1 of a galaxy's photometric redshift shows that absorption by these galaxies is rare: the covering fraction is ~ 10-15% between 20 and 100 kpc, for Mg II lines with rest equivalent widths of Wr >= 0.6{\AA}, falling to zero at larger separations. There is no evidence that Wr correlates with impact parameter or galaxy luminosity. Our results are consistent with existing scenarios in which cool Mg II-absorbing clouds may be absent near LRGs because of the environment of the galaxies: if LRGs reside in high-mass groups and clusters, either their halos are too hot to retain or accrete cool gas, or the galaxies themselves - which have passively-evolving old stellar populations - do not produce the rates of star formation and outflows of gas necessary to fill their halos with Mg II absorbing clouds. In the rarer cases where Mg II is detected, however, the origin of the absorption is less clear. Absorption may arise from the little cool gas able to reach into cluster halos from the intergalactic medium, or from the few star-forming and/or AGN-like LRGs that are known to exist.Comment: Accepted by ApJ; minor correction

Optimal experience and personal growth. Flow and the consolidation of place identity

This study examined the relationship between flow experience and place identity, based on eudaimonistic identity theory (EIT) which prioritizes self-defining activities as important for an individual's identification of his/her goals, values, beliefs, and interests corresponding to one's own identity development or enhancement. This study focuses on place identity, the identity's features relating to a person's relation with her/his place. The study is also based on flow theory, according to which some salient features of an activity experience are important for happiness and well-being. Questionnaire surveys on Italian and Greek residents focused on their perceived flow and place identity in relation to their own specific local place experiences. The overall findings revealed that flow experience occurring in one's own preferred place is widely reported as resulting from a range of self-defining activities, irrespective of gender or age, and it is positively and significantly associated with one's own place identity. Such findings provide the first quantitative evidence about the link between flow experienced during meaningfully located self-defining activities and identity experienced at the place level, similarly to the corresponding personal and social levels that had been previously already empirically tested. Results are also discussed in terms of their implications for EIT's understanding and enrichment, especially by its generalization from the traditional, personal identity level up to that of place identity. More generally, this study has implications for maintaining or enhancing one's own place identity, and therefore people place relations, by means of facilitating a person's flow experience within psychologically meaningful place

Anticipated climate and land-cover changes reveal refuge areas for Borneo's orang-utans

Habitat loss and climate change pose a double jeopardy for many threatened taxa, making the identification of optimal habitat for the future a conservation priority. Using a case study of the endangered Bornean orang-utan, we identify environmental refuges by integrating bioclimatic models with projected deforestation and oil-palm agriculture suitability from the 1950s to 2080s. We coupled a maximum entropy algorithm with information on habitat needs to predict suitable habitat for the present day and 1950s. We then projected to the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s in models incorporating only land-cover change, climate change or both processes combined. For future climate, we incorporated projections from four model and emission scenario combinations. For future land cover, we developed spatial deforestation predictions from 10 years of satellite data. Refuges were delineated as suitable forested habitats identified by all models that were also unsuitable for oil palm – a major threat to tropical biodiversity. Our analyses indicate that in 2010 up to 260 000 km2 of Borneo was suitable habitat within the core orang-utan range; an 18–24% reduction since the 1950s. Land-cover models predicted further decline of 15–30% by the 2080s. Although habitat extent under future climate conditions varied among projections, there was majority consensus, particularly in northeastern and western regions. Across projections habitat loss due to climate change alone averaged 63% by 2080, but 74% when also considering land-cover change. Refuge areas amounted to 2000–42 000 km2 depending on thresholds used, with 900–17 000 km2 outside the current species range. We demonstrate that efforts to halt deforestation could mediate some orang-utan habitat loss, but further decline of the most suitable areas is to be expected given projected changes to climate. Protected refuge areas could therefore become increasingly important for ongoing translocation efforts. We present an approach to help identify such areas for highly threatened species given environmental changes expected this century

In-cloud oxidation of SO2 by O3 and H2O2: Cloud Chamber Measurements and Modeling of Particle Growth

Controlled cloud chamber experiments were conducted to measure particle growth resulting from the oxidation of SO2 by O3 and H2O2 in cloud droplets formed on sulfuric acid seed aerosol. Clouds were formed in a 590 m3 environmental chamber with total liquid water contents ranging from 0.3–0.6 g m−3 and reactant gas concentrations \u3c10 ppbv for SO2 and H2O2 and \u3c70 ppbv for O3. Aerosol growth was measured by comparison of differential mobility analyzer size distributions before and after each 3–4 min cloud cycle. Predictions of aerosol growth were then made with a full microphysical cloud model used to simulate each individual experimental cloud cycle. Model results of the H2O2 oxidation experiments best fit the experimental data using the third-order rate constant of Maass et al. [1999] (k = 9.1 × 107 M−2 s−1), with relative aerosol growth agreeing within 3% of measured values, while the rate of Hoffmann and Colvert [1985] produced agreement within 4–9%, and the rate of Martin and Damschen [1981] only within 13–18%. Simulation results of aerosol growth during the O3 oxidation experiments were 60–80% less than the measured values, confirming previous results [Hoppel et al., 1994b]. Experimental results and analyses presented here show that the SO2 - O3 rate constants would have to be more than 5 times larger than currently accepted values to explain the measured growth. However, unmeasured NH3 contamination present in trace amounts (\u3c0.2 ppb) could explain the disagreement, but this is speculative and the source of this discrepancy is still unknown

Inference of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence among Diverse Group A Streptococcus Strains Using emm Sequencing and Multilocus Genotyping Methods

typing (direct sequencing of the genomic segment coding for the antigenic portion of the M protein) or by multilocus genotyping methods. Phenotype analysis, including critical AbR typing, is generally achieved by much slower and more laborious direct culture-based methods. type and the associated AbR and virulence phenotypes. types

Multimessenger astronomy with the Einstein Telescope

Gravitational waves (GWs) are expected to play a crucial role in the development of multimessenger astrophysics. The combination of GW observations with other astrophysical triggers, such as from gamma-ray and X-ray satellites, optical/radio telescopes, and neutrino detectors allows us to decipher science that would otherwise be inaccessible. In this paper, we provide a broad review from the multimessenger perspective of the science reach offered by the third generation interferometric GW detectors and by the Einstein Telescope (ET) in particular. We focus on cosmic transients, and base our estimates on the results obtained by ET's predecessors GEO, LIGO, and Virgo.Comment: 26 pages. 3 figures. Special issue of GRG on the Einstein Telescope. Minor corrections include

LTP-triggered cholesterol redistribution activates Cdc42 and drives AMPA receptor synaptic delivery

Neurotransmitter receptor trafficking during synaptic plasticity requires the concerted action of multiple signaling pathways and the protein transport machinery. However, little is known about the contribution of lipid metabolism during these processes. In this paper, we addressed the question of the role of cholesterol in synaptic changes during long-term potentiation (LTP). We found that N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) activation during LTP induction leads to a rapid and sustained loss or redistribution of intracellular cholesterol in the neuron. A reduction in cholesterol, in turn, leads to the activation of Cdc42 and the mobilization of GluA1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) from Rab11-recycling endosomes into the synaptic membrane, leading to synaptic potentiation. This process is accompanied by an increase of NMDAR function and an enhancement of LTP. These results imply that cholesterol acts as a sensor of NMDAR activation and as a trigger of downstream signaling to engage small GTPase (guanosine triphosphatase) activation and AMPAR synaptic delivery during LTP.Peer Reviewe