Czy wysoka wartość BMI rzeczywiście dyskwalifikuje chorego z leczenia dializą otrzewnową?

We present the history of 53-years old female with 41.5 BMI, who was treated with peritoneal dialysis due to the lack of regular vascular access to hemodialysis and contraindications to kidney transplantation. We contin­ued peritoneal dialysis for 6 years without any compli­cations resulting from this method of treatment. Introduction of peritoneal dialysis to obese persons is not an easy decision and should be always indi­vidualized. Published data does not specify which renal replacement therapy — hemodialysis or peri­toneal dialysis is superior/better for obese patients. Nowadays obesity is no longer considered as abso­lute contraindication to peritoneal dialysis especially if such is the patient’s will — patient’s preferences should be taken into consideration at all times.We present the history of 53-years old female with 41.5 BMI, who was treated with peritoneal dialysis due to the lack of regular vascular access to hemodialysis and contraindications to kidney transplantation. We contin­ued peritoneal dialysis for 6 years without any compli­cations resulting from this method of treatment. Introduction of peritoneal dialysis to obese persons is not an easy decision and should be always indi­vidualized. Published data does not specify which renal replacement therapy — hemodialysis or peri­toneal dialysis is superior/better for obese patients. Nowadays obesity is no longer considered as abso­lute contraindication to peritoneal dialysis especially if such is the patient’s will — patient’s preferences should be taken into consideration at all times

Central blood pressure and nighttime blood pressure in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease

Introduction. Arterial hypertension is a well-known risk factor of both cardiovascular complications and faster progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is growing evidence that central blood pressure (BP) and nighttime BP may have an advantage in predicting the risk of cardiovascular complications and the progression of CKD in comparison with the traditional office BP measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the central BP and nighttime BP in non-diabetic CKD patients with no, or only mild proteinuria i.e. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) or IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Material and methods. Forty patients with CKD stage 3 or 4 were enrolled into the study. In each patient the measurement of peripheral and central BP was conducted, as well as the assessment of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Results. Despite the lower office and central BP values in patients with IgAN in comparison to patients with ADPKD, both studied groups did not differ in the mean BP in the 24-hour ABPM. In the entire studied group a significant positive correlation was found between the augmentation pressure and age, as well as between the augmentation index - AIx% and age. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between the decrease of nighttime BP and eGFR was observed. Additionally, a significant positive correlation between PWV and age was found. Conclusions. 1. Patients with ADPKD and IgAN, despite the differences in office and central BP do not differ in respect of the mean BP in the 24-hour ABPM. 2. In both groups of patients vascular stiffness increases with age and deteriorating kidney function. 3. Lower decrease of nighttime blood pressure is related to the worse kidney function in patients with non-diabetic CKD.

Centralne ciśnienie tętnicze oraz ciśnienie tętnicze mierzone na tętnicy ramiennej w godzinach nocnych u chorych z przewlekłą chorobą nerek o etiologii niecukrzycowej

Wprowadzenie: Nadciśnienie tętnicze jest uznanym czynnikiem ryzyka powikłań ze strony układu krążenia oraz przyspieszonej progresji przewlekłej choroby nerek (PChN). Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań sugerują, że centralne ciśnienie tętnicze (CBP) oraz ciśnienie tętnicze mierzone na tętnicy ramiennej w godzinach nocnych (NBP) są lepszymi predykatorami wystąpienia powikłań sercowo-naczyniowych oraz utraty czynności nerek, w porównaniu do tradycyjnych pomiarów ciśnienia na tętnicy ramiennej dokonywanych podczas wizyty w gabinecie lekarskim. Celem niniejszego badania była ocena CBP i NBP u chorych z PChN o etiologii niecukrzycowej przebiegającej bez białkomoczu i/lub jedynie z łagodnym białkomoczem (autosomalna dominująca postać wielotorbielowatego zwyrodnienia nerek — ADPKD lub nefropatii IgA — IgAN). Materiał i metody: W badaniu prospektywnym uczestniczyło 40 chorych z PChN w stadium 3. lub 4. U wszystkich chorych zakwalifikowanych do tego badania wykonano pomiar ciśnienia tętniczego na tętnicy ramiennej oraz pomiar CBP, szybkości fali tętna (PWV) oraz ambulatoryjny 24-godzinny pomiar ciśnienia tętniczego (ABPM). Wyniki: U chorych z IgAN stwierdzono niższe wartości obwodowego ciśnienia tętniczego mierzonego na tętnicy ramiennej podczas wizyty lekarskiej oraz niższe wartości CBP. Nie wykazano znamiennych różnic w zakresie wartości uzyskanych przy wykorzystaniu ABPM. W analizie całej badanej grupy stwierdzono znamienną korelację dodatnią pomiędzy ciśnieniem wzmocnienia i wiekiem chorych oraz pomiędzy współczynnikiem wzmocnienia — AIx% a wiekiem. Ponadto wykazano znamienną korelację pomiędzy wielkością spadku ciśnienia tętniczego w godzinach nocnych a eGFR oraz pomiędzy PWV a wiekiem chorych. Wnioski: 1. Pomimo różnic w wartościach obwodowego ciśnienia tętniczego i CBP, chorzy z ADPKD i IgAN nie różnią się pod względem uzyskiwanych średnich wartości ciśnienia dobowego w pomiarach metodą ABPM. 2. W obu podgrupach chorych sztywność naczyń zwiększa się z wiekiem i pogorszeniem czynności wydalniczej nerek. 3. Istnieje związek pomiędzy brakiem spadku ciśnienia tętniczego w nocy a upośledzeniem funkcji wydalniczej nerek u chorych z niecukrzycową etiologią PChN

Associations between depressive symptoms and disease progression in older patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the EQUAL study

Background Depressive symptoms are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, few small studies have examined this association in patients with earlier phases of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We studied associations between baseline depressive symptoms and clinical outcomes in older patients with advanced CKD and examined whether these associations differed depending on sex. Methods CKD patients (>= 65 years; estimated glomerular filtration rate <= 20 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) were included from a European multicentre prospective cohort between 2012 and 2019. Depressive symptoms were measured by the five-item Mental Health Inventory (cut-off <= 70; 0-100 scale). Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to study associations between depressive symptoms and time to dialysis initiation, all-cause mortality and these outcomes combined. A joint model was used to study the association between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time. Analyses were adjusted for potential baseline confounders. Results Overall kidney function decline in 1326 patients was -0.12 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/month. A total of 515 patients showed depressive symptoms. No significant association was found between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time (P = 0.08). Unlike women, men with depressive symptoms had an increased mortality rate compared with those without symptoms [adjusted hazard ratio 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.93)]. Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with a higher hazard of dialysis initiation, or with the combined outcome (i.e. dialysis initiation and all-cause mortality). Conclusions There was no significant association between depressive symptoms at baseline and decline in kidney function over time in older patients with advanced CKD. Depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with a higher mortality rate in men

Dializa otrzewnowa jako pierwsza opcja terapeutyczna po utracie funkcji nerki przeszczepionej – dobry czy zły wybór?

W artykule opisano przypadek pacjentki, która po utracie funkcji nerki przeszczepionej ponownie wybrała dializę otrzewnową jako metodę leczenia nerkozastępczego. Taka forma dializoterapii dla tej specyficznej grupy pacjentów może być skuteczną i dobrze tolerowaną opcją terapeutyczną. W wyborze optymalnej metody leczenia może pomóc zarówno decyzja pacjenta, jak również wskazania i przeciwwskazania medyczne

Immune Cells Profiling in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Patients—Relation to Disease Activity

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are a group of necrotizing multiorgan autoimmune vasculitides that predominantly affect small blood vessels and are associated with the presence of ANCAs. The aim was to assess regulatory and effector cell populations accompanied by the suPAR biomarker level and link the so-defined immune state to the AAV disease activity. The research involved a multicomponent description of an immune state encompassing a range of B and T cell subsets such as transitional/regulatory B cells (CD19+CD24++CD38++), naïve B cells (CD19+CD24INTCD38INT), Th17 cells, T regulatory cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) and cytotoxic CD4+CD28− cells by flow cytometry. The suPAR plasma level was measured by ELISA. The results indicate that AAV is associated with an increased suPAR plasma level and immune fingerprint characterized by an expansion of Th17 cells and T cells lacking the costimulatory molecule CD28, accompanied by a decrease of regulatory populations (Tregs and transitional B cells) and NK cells. Decreased numbers of regulatory T cells and transitional B cells were shown to be linked to activation of the AAV disease while the increased suPAR plasma level—to AAV-related deterioration of kidney function. The observed immune fingerprint might be a reflection of peripheral tolerance failure responsible for development and progression of ANCA-associated vasculitides

Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Renal Allograft Recipients—A Long-Term Multicenter Analysis

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a devastating autoimmune disease and in renal transplant recipients may result in allograft thrombosis or in extra-renal manifestation, mostly venous thromboembolism. There are many non- and immune risk factors affecting renal allograft in recipients with APS. However, renal allograft outcome in recipients with APS without APS nephropathy remains unknown. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess renal allograft function and survival in recipients with APS. Methods: Retrospective, multicenter study included 19 adult renal recipients with definite APS (primary or lupus-related) from three Polish transplant centers. Renal allograft function was assessed using serum creatinine concentration (SCr1) at 3rd month post-transplant and at the end of the observation (SCr2) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated based on modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula. General linear model was used to assess 12 month GFR change over time. Kaplan-Meier curves and restricted mean survival time were used for allograft survival. Matched control group consisted of 21 stable renal recipients without history of thrombosis and without anticoagulation/antiplatelet treatment. Results: The study group differs in induction therapy (p = 0.019), high-urgency procedure (p = 0.04), proteinuria (p = 0.0058), primary disease (lupus) (p p = 0.0046) and shorter time since engraftment to SCr2 (p = 0.016). Primary APS was more often diagnosed post-transplant (p = 0.0005). Allograft biopsy revealed thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) with acute rejection (AR) or isolated AR vs AR or chronic rejection in controls but did not reach significance (p = 0.054). Renal allograft function was inferior in the study group but did not reach significance: mean SCr2 (mg/dL) was 2.18 ± 1.41 and 1.5 ± 0.68 in controls, respectively, p = 0.27; mean GFR2 (ml/min/1.73m2) was 39.9 ± 20.83 and 51.23 ± 19.03, respectively, p = 0.102. Renal allograft duration was inferior in patients with APS and was (in years) 11.22 ± 1.44 vs. 14.36 ± 0.42, respectively, p = 0.037, in patients with primary APS (p = 0.021), in patients with APS diagnosed post-transplant (p = 0.012) but not in lupus-related APS (p = ns). Fifteen year renal allograft survival was inferior in APS vs. controls (73,86% vs. 90.48%, respectively, p = 0.049). Conclusions: Recipients with APS are at higher risk for allograft loss due to immune and non-immune causes. Renal allograft survival was inferior in recipients with APS and renal function remains impaired but stable

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Flu Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to infections. Despite the positive effect of vaccinations, the implementation of this method of prophylaxis is low. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of flu vaccination among HD patients of two different dialysis centers. Methods: A total of 193 patients (mean age 63.6 years), who voluntarily agreed to participate in an anonymous survey related to influenza vaccination, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Results: A total of 45% of patients declared that they took regular, annual flu vaccination. In this group, 87.4% believed that vaccinations were effective. This opinion strongly correlated with the frequency of regular vaccinations (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that this opinion is an independent predictor of regular vaccinations with adjusted OR 9.86 (95% CI 4.36, 22.33). Groups of patients who had been irregularly or never vaccinated reject vaccinations for the following reasons: fear of adverse events—29.2%, conviction that vaccination was ineffective—26.4%, and lack of information about vaccination—22.6%. Conclusion: Knowledge among HD patients about the benefits of vaccinations is poor. Therefore, educational activities are required. Active vaccination promotion and education of patients rejecting this method of prevention play a key role in improving standards of care for HD patients

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Flu Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to infections. Despite the positive effect of vaccinations, the implementation of this method of prophylaxis is low. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of flu vaccination among HD patients of two different dialysis centers. Methods: A total of 193 patients (mean age 63.6 years), who voluntarily agreed to participate in an anonymous survey related to influenza vaccination, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Results: A total of 45% of patients declared that they took regular, annual flu vaccination. In this group, 87.4% believed that vaccinations were effective. This opinion strongly correlated with the frequency of regular vaccinations (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that this opinion is an independent predictor of regular vaccinations with adjusted OR 9.86 (95% CI 4.36, 22.33). Groups of patients who had been irregularly or never vaccinated reject vaccinations for the following reasons: fear of adverse events—29.2%, conviction that vaccination was ineffective—26.4%, and lack of information about vaccination—22.6%. Conclusion: Knowledge among HD patients about the benefits of vaccinations is poor. Therefore, educational activities are required. Active vaccination promotion and education of patients rejecting this method of prevention play a key role in improving standards of care for HD patients

Biomarkers in Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Optimal Diagnostic-Therapeutic Strategy

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) involves podocyte injury. In patients with nephrotic syndrome, progression to end-stage renal disease often occurs over the course of 5 to 10 years. The diagnosis is based on a renal biopsy. It is presumed that primary FSGS is caused by an unknown plasma factor that might be responsible for the recurrence of FSGS after kidney transplantation. The nature of circulating permeability factors is not explained and particular biological molecules responsible for inducing FSGS are still unknown. Several substances have been proposed as potential circulating factors such as soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and cardiolipin-like-cytokine 1 (CLC-1). Many studies have also attempted to establish which molecules are related to podocyte injury in the pathogenesis of FSGS such as plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R), dystroglycan(DG), microRNAs, metalloproteinases (MMPs), forkheadbox P3 (FOXP3), and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1). Some biomarkers have also been studied in the context of kidney tissue damage progression: transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-&beta;), human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and others. This paper describes molecules that could potentially be considered as circulating factors causing primary FSGS