Effect of Trade Credit on Firms Growth: A Case Study of Pakistani Non-financial Firms

This study attempts to investigate the impact of trade credit on the growth of non-financial firms of Pakistan. Most of the businesses move from traditional business transactions to automated and sophisticated credit transaction methods. As large firms have better access to financial institutions and markets but still, they are interested to seek firm growth by adopting the trade credit policies. This study collects information from non-financial firms of Pakistan. Panel data is used to explore the impact of trade credit on firms growth. The data collect from the year 2001- 2015 of 257 non-financial firms of Pakistan. A technique of panel data analysis, generalized method of moment used to analyze the data. The results suggest that the trade credit and GDP have a positive significant impact on firms’ growth. Moreover, Firm’s age, its size and inflation in the economy have also impacted the firm’s growth but in negative direction. Finally, the non-financial listed firms of Pakistan can achieve their growth targets by adopting trade credit policie

Measurement of core losses in toroidal inductors with different magnetic materials

Magnetic materials are used in the manufacturing of transformers, electrical machines, converters and inductors. The losses of the magnetic materials affect the performance of the electromagnetic devices. The magnetic components play an important role in dissipating the core losses in power electronics devices. Measuring the losses in the magnetic materials is necessary since this data can then be used to identify the eddy-current and hysteresis loss models. The core loss is produced due to the realignment of magnetic domains and wall movements. The eddy currents are caused by the non-zero conductivity of material under an alternating external magnetic field. The eddy currents and hysteresis loss are the origin of core losses. The B-H loops measurement technique is the common approach for measuring the core losses. In this approach, two windings are used for the test core. The main benefit of this approach is that the measurements do not include the copper losses. Since the voltage is measured at the secondary winding, so the voltage drop across the resistance of the primary winding will not affect the measurement results. This thesis investigated the core losses in soft magnetic materials, for example ferrite, molypermalloy powder (MPP), nanocrystalline and amorphous. The measurements were taken under the sinusoidal voltage excitation up to a frequency of 1 kHz. The effects of temperature were not considered in the core loss measurements, which may have influenced the measured results. A comparison of the core losses under different magnetic field density and frequencies is presented. The experimental data showed that nanocrstalline material has the lowest losses whereas amorphous has the highest core losses. The ferrite material has almost double the losses as compared to nanocrystalline. On the other hand, it has been noticed that MPP core shows some variation in the results due to the temperature rise in the core

Finite Element Analysis of Strength and Stiffness of Injured and Implanted Thoracolumbar

Thoracolumbar is the most often fractured part in the spine. Thoracolumbar fracture results from several axial loading of the spine usually due to fall, vehicle accident, etc. Thoracolumbar fracture can lead to some serious injuries like significant disability, deformity and neurological deficit. Posterior instrumentation with pedicle screw and rods had been the most used method for surgical stabilization. Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fracture was aimed to decompress the neural tissue, stabilize the columns, which requires rigid fixation. Spinal instrumentation has recent advances over the years and today’s spinal surgeon is well equipped to rigidly fix the spine with the complex cases. Normal, injured and implanted thoracolumbar are modelled in 3D design software and imported to MSC Marc Mentat to simulate with 500 N compressional load and 7.5 N.m moment to analyze the strength and stiffness of the models with comparing the displacement and the von Mises stress in the simulation. There were some significant differences between the displacement of normal, injured and implanted thoracolumbar. The displacement of thoracolumbar increases after injury and make it more unstable, and after implanting the implant, the displacement is decrease and make thoracolumbar more rigid. The von Mises stress of injured thoracolumbar is higher than normal thoracolumbar which high stress happened in fracture L1. After adding the implant, the von Mises stress reduce at fracture L1. Implanting the implant makes the stress higher at the implant especially in pedicle scre

Burnout among diabetes specialist registrars across the United Kingdom in the post-pandemic era

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is a condition resulting from chronic work-related stress exposure and can be identified by the presence of one or more of the three classic dimensions of burnout, i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment, which negatively impact physician health and productivity. Objective: This study aimed to identify burnout among Diabetes and Endocrinology Specialty Training Registrars (DStRs) across the United Kingdom. Design/setting: It was a Cross-sectional observational study after ethical approval ERSC_2022_1166, utilizing the gold standard Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure burnout syndrome, and to determine self-reported stressors and compare them with the results of our previous survey in 2018. Participants: Over 430 DStRs across the United Kingdom were invited electronically through their deanery representatives and specialty training bodies. Results: Using Google Forms™ to gather data, we were able to collect 104 completed surveys. Results revealed that 62.5% (n = 65) of participants have burnout (5% increase from the previous survey in 2018), 38.6% (n = 40) have high emotional exhaustion, and 44.2% (n = 46) feel a lack of personal accomplishment. “General Internal Medicine specific workload” was the most common self-reported stressor reported by 87.5% (n = 91) of participants, whereas bullying/harassment and discrimination at work were reported by 35.6% (n = 37) and 30.77% (n = 32) of participants, respectively. Using multivariable logistic regression model, personal stress (OR, 4.00; 95% CI, 1.48–10.86; p = 0.006) had significant, while Bullying/harassment (OR, 3.75; 95% CI, 0.93–15.12; p = 0.063) had marginal impact on the presence of burnout. Conclusion: Diabetes and Endocrinology Specialty Training Registrars frequently experience burnout syndrome, which has increased over the last 4 years. However, organizational changes can help identify, prevent, and treat physician burnout. Trial registration: NCT05481021 available at https://ichgcp.net/clinical-trials-registry/NCT05481021

Factors contributing resistance to change in new organizational structure at "Majlis Daerah Segamat" / Mohd Izharul Hanif Adnan

This research entitles "FACTORS CONTRIBUTING RESISTANCE TO CHANGE IN NEW ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AT "MAJLIS DAERAH SEGAMAT". Therefore, the study is conducted to identify the relationship of factors that contribute to people resist changing towards organizational structure change at "Majlis Daerah Segamat". Firstly, to identify the relationship between fear of unknown and new organizational structure change that implemented at "Majlis Daerah Segamat". Second, to examine the relationship between loss of control and new organizational structure change that implemented at "Majlis Daerah Segamat". Third, to identify relationship between lack of confidence and new organizational structure change that implemented at "Majlis Daerah Segamat". Fourth, to find the relationship between fear of taking risk and new organizational structure change that implemented at "Majlis Daerah Segamat". Lastly, to identify how much those factors contributing toward resistance to change and new organizational structure that implemented at "Majlis Daerah Segamat". The study involved 100 staffs Internal Audit, Building and Engineering, Management Service, Corporate and Public Affairs, Finance, Law and Social Development at "Majlis Daerah Segamat". The questionnaires consists 30 questions that divided into three parts. Part A has 6 questions that consists the respondent's demographic background information which gender, age, race, marital status, education background and working experience. Part B have questions of factors resistance to change which are fear of unknown consists 4 questions, loss of control consists 5 questions, lack of confidence consists 5 questions and fear of taking risk consists of 5 questions. Part C has 5 questions on organizational structure

Inflation Forecasting in Pakistan using Artificial Neural Networks

An artificial neural network (hence after, ANN) is an information processing paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. In previous two decades, ANN applications in economics and finance; for such tasks as pattern reorganization, and time series forecasting, have dramatically increased. Many central banks use forecasting models based on ANN methodology for predicting various macroeconomic indicators, like inflation, GDP Growth and currency in circulation etc. In this paper, we have attempted to forecast monthly YoY inflation for Pakistan by using ANN for FY08 on the basis of monthly data of July 1993 to June 2007. We also compare the forecast performance of the ANN model with conventional univariate time series forecasting models such as AR(1) and ARIMA based models and observed that RMSE of ANN based forecasts is much less than the RMSE of forecasts based on AR(1) and ARIMA models. At least by this criterion forecast based on ANN are more precise

Inflation Forecasting in Pakistan using Artificial Neural Networks

An artificial neural network (hence after, ANN) is an information processing paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. In previous two decades, ANN applications in economics and finance; for such tasks as pattern reorganization, and time series forecasting, have dramatically increased. Many central banks use forecasting models based on ANN methodology for predicting various macroeconomic indicators, like inflation, GDP Growth and currency in circulation etc. In this paper, we have attempted to forecast monthly YoY inflation for Pakistan by using ANN for FY08 on the basis of monthly data of July 1993 to June 2007. We also compare the forecast performance of the ANN model with conventional univariate time series forecasting models such as AR(1) and ARIMA based models and observed that RMSE of ANN based forecasts is much less than the RMSE of forecasts based on AR(1) and ARIMA models. At least by this criterion forecast based on ANN are more precise

Laser phase noise effect and reduction in self- homodyne optical OFDM transmission system

We present a laser phase noise (PN) induced effect of a phase-modulation-to-intensity-modulation conversion noise and noise pedestals underneath each of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers in a selfcoherent optical OFDM transmission using a self-homodyne technique. We provide a statistical analysis on the received symbols using a histogram to demonstrate the effect of a phase rotation term and inter-subcarrier interference individually and collectively. The PN is then compensated using a simple time delay to realign the phase walk-off of the subcarriers relative to the carrier. Significant quadrature improvements of 6.82 dB using 5 MHz laser linewidth over a 720 km transmission length and 5.38 dB using 20 MHz over 240 km have been obtained with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) over 15 GHz OFDM signal bandwidth. The technique also significantly reduced an optical-signal-to-noise ratio requirement at the bit error rate of 1 × 10−3 by 16.15 dB for 64-QAM over 160 km. With the delay, the system can tolerate three times the chromatic dispersion-length product

Development and in-vitro Evaluation of Once Daily Tablet Dosage Form of Loxoprofen Sodium

Purpose: To formulate and characterize once daily controlled release tablet of loxoprofen sodium.Methods: Eudragit RS-100, hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and pectin were used as release retarding polymers. All the formulations were prepared by direct compression method. Various precompression studies were carried out to determine Hausner’s ratio, Carr’s index, angle of repose, bulk density and tapped density Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies and also post-compression studies to evaluate hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, in-vitro drug release were conducted on the tablets. The drug release data were subjected to kinetic models, including zero order, first order, Hixon Crowell, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas.Results: Compressibility index (7.6 ± 1.32 - 12.5 ± 1.43%), Hausner’s ratio (1.08 ± 0.04 - 1.14 ± 0.03), angle of repose (27.78 ± 0.47 - 30.49 ± 0.46°), hardness (6.25 ± 0.27 - 7.21±0.21 kg/cm2), friability (0.14 ± 0.06 - 0.28 ± 0.0 %), weight variation (249.5 ± 2.09 - 251.35 ± 2.41 mg) and drug content  (97.30 ± 0.28 - 103.70 ± 0.31 %) were within generally accepted limits for the pre-and post-compression formulations, respectively. The tablets having the maximum amount of among the three polymers tested as matrix materials, HPMC, represented by F3 tablets, exerted better sustained release properties after 12 h. Release pattern was more of Fickian diffusion followed by Higuchi mechanism.Conclusion: The release of the loxoprofen sodium was optimized up to 12 h.Keywords: Loxoprofen, Sustained release, hydroxypropyl methylcelluose, Pectin, Eudragit, Matrix tablet

3-(4-Methoxy­phen­yl)isochroman-1-one

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C16H14O3, the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 72.02 (6)°. The heterocyclic ring adopts a twisted conformation. In the crystal structure, there are C—H⋯π contacts between the heterocyclic and phenyl rings, and between the methyl group and methoxy­phenyl ring