Antitumor effect of salidroside on mice bearing HepA hepatocellular carcinoma

Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside extracted from Rhodiola rosea L., has antiproliferative effects on tumour cells in mice. However it’s antitumor mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, 4 groups of mice bearing hepatocarcinoma cells were given treatment with vehicle alone, cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg, i.p.) and salidroside, either 100 or 200 mg/kg (p.o.) for 14 days. The morphology of tumour specimens was analysed by transmission electron microscopy. Apoptotic cells in sections of mouse tumour tissue were analysed using an in situ apoptosis kit. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3 mRNA were examined with RT-PCR. The results showed that the tumour weights in groups 100 or 200 mg/kg/day of salidroside were reduced significantly (45.34 and 52.48% respectively), compared to vehicle groups. Salidroside increased apoptotic cells index, e.g. in 200 mg/kg group, it was four times higher compared to the control group. Even more, treatment with salidroside decreased Bcl-2 mRNA expression and increased Bax and caspase 3 mRNA expressions. These indicated that the antitumor mechanism of salidroside may induce tumour cell apoptosis in mice by triggering the mitochondrial-dependent pathway and activation of caspase 3

Inhibition effects of paeonol on mice bearing EMT6 breast cancer through inducing rumor cell apoptosis

Paeonol, a phenolic component from the root bark of Paeonia moutan, has been identified to possess antitumor effects on mice bearing EMT6 breast cancer in our previous studies. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study the molecular mechanisms of paeonol were further investigated in EMT6 mice model. The results showed that treatment of mice with 175 and 350 mg/kg/day of paeonol significantly inhibited the growth of the EMT6 tumor in mice, and induced tumor cell apoptosis which were demonstrated by light microscopy after hematoxylin and eosin staining and apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry. In addition, compared with the control group, paeonol increased the number of tumor cells in G0/G1 phase but decreased the number of cells in S and G2/M phase. Paeonol treatment (350 mg/kg body weight) also resulted in a decrease of Bcl-2 and an increase in Bax and caspase-3 expressions, which were demonstrated by immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. These results indicate that the antitumor effects of paeonol might be associated with arresting tumor cells in the G0/G1 phase, inducing cell apoptosis and regulation of the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and activation of caspase-3

Persistence approximation property for LpL^p operator algebras

In this paper, we define quantitative assembly maps for $L^p$ operator algebras when $p\in [1,\infty)$. Moreover, we study the persistence approximation property for quantitative $K$-theory of filtered $L^p$ operator algebras. Finally, in the case of crossed product $L^{p}$ operator algebras, we find a sufficient condition for the persistence approximation property. This allows to give some applications involving the $L^{p}$ coarse Baum-Connes conjecture.Comment: 32 page

High-energy Neutrino Productions from AGN Disk Transients Impacted by Circum-disk Medium

Various supernovae (SN), compact object coalescences, and tidal disruption events are widely believed to occur embedded in active galactic nuclei (AGN) accretion disks and generate detectable electromagnetic (EM) signals. We collectively refer to them as \emph{AGN disk transients}. The inelastic hadronuclear ($pp$) interactions between shock-accelerated cosmic rays and AGN disk materials shortly after the ejecta shock breaks out of the disk can produce high-energy neutrinos. However, the expected efficiency of neutrino production would decay rapidly by adopting a pure Gaussian density atmosphere profile applicable for stable gas-dominated disks. On the other hand, AGN outflows and disk winds are commonly found around AGN accretion disks. In this paper, we present that the circum-disk medium would further consume the shock kinetic energy to more efficiently produce high-energy neutrinos, especially for $\sim$\,TeV$-$PeV neutrinos that IceCube is interested in. Thanks to the existence of the circum-disk medium, we find that the neutrino production will be enhanced significantly and make a much higher contribution to the diffuse neutrino background. Optimistically, $\sim20\%$ diffuse neutrino background can be contributed from AGN disk transients.Comment: 10 Pages, 3 figurs and 2 tables; Submitted to ApJ

Salt Secretion Is Essential for Xero-Halophyte \u3cem\u3eReaumuria soongorica\u3c/em\u3e Responding to Osmotic Stress

Reaumuria soongorica, a xero-halophyte semi-shrub belonging to Tamaricaceae with excellent adaptability to adverse arid and salinity environments of northwest China, serves important ecological roles in the improvement of saline-alkali soil and dune stabilisation, and also is an attractive fodder shrub in desert steppe (Ma et al. 2011). Previous studies demonstrated that secreting salt via salt glands is an important strategy for R. soongorica adapting to high salinity environments (Zhou et al. 2012). However, very little is known about the role of salt secretion in the plant’s responses to drought. Therefore, in the present work, R. soongorica seedlings were subjected to osmotic stress in the presence or absence of additional NaCl to determine the potential relationship between salt secretion and drought tolerance of R. soongorica seedlings

Imperfect Preventive Maintenance Policies With Unpunctual Execution.

Traditional maintenance planning problems usually presume that preventive maintenance (PM) policies will be executed exactly as planned. In reality, however, maintainers often deviate from the intended PM policy, resulting in unpunctual PM executions that may reduce maintenance effectiveness. This article studies two imperfect PM policies with unpunctual executions for infinite and finite planning horizons, respectively. Under the former policy, imperfect PM actions are periodically performed and the system is preventively replaced at the last PM instant. The objective is to determine the optimal number of PM actions and associated PM interval so as to minimize the long-run average cost rate. While the latter policy specifies that a system is subject to periodic PM activities within a finite planning horizon and there is no PM activity at the end of the horizon. The aim is then to identify the optimal number of PM activities to minimize the expected total maintenance cost. We discuss the modeling and optimization of the two unpunctual PM policies, and then explore the impact of unpunctual executions on the optimal PM decisions and corresponding maintenance expenses in an analytical or numerical way. The resulting insights are helpful for practitioners to adjust their PM plans when unpunctual executions are anticipated